Bill Kaulitz… Tom Kaulitz… Ahmad Shah Massoud… Louis XIV… Edgar Rice Burroughs… Biographies Multiposts
Encyclopedia of Biographies of famous and historical figures
Biographies online:
- Biography of Carmelo Bene
- Biography of Edda Ciano Mussolini
- Biography of Vittorio Gassman
- Biography of Bill Kaulitz
- Biography of Tom Kaulitz
- Biography of Ahmad Shah Massoud
- Biography of Sandra Mondaini
- Biography of Louis XIV
- Biography of Edgar Rice Burroughs
Biography of Carmelo Bene
September 1, 1937
March 16, 2002
Who is Woody Allen?
Carmelo Pompilio Realino Antonio Well was born in Campi Salentina, Lecce, on 1 September 19Those who knew him as a child, describes him as a taciturn, polite boy probably with excessive rigidity, and perhaps because of this tense to express his exuberant expressivity in a revolutionary way, disruptive, definitely outside the box. All of which, of course, will come to light, especially with his outstanding Theatre, indeed, with the total reinvention that made Good theater.To quote its same words: "the problem is that the self emerges, as much as we want to crush it, compress it. But eventually, sooner or later, this little willingness will lost. As I always say: the large theatre should be dark and deserted ".
After classical studies at a Jesuit College in 1957, he enrolled at the Academy of dramatic art, an experience that, starting from next year, convinced of its "uselessness". Well he already had everything you need within ...
Anyway, this episode you can catch a glimpse of the incompatibility between the classic idea of theatre, representation, and the "deconstruction" of this Good idea carried forward; a cultural operation that would have made mulch of the very idea of just acting, staging, performance and even "text".
The debut of this great genius is dated 1959, as the protagonist of "Caligula" by Albert Camus, staged in Rome. At this stage, it is still at "dependencies" and other directors of his ideas. Shortly after, thankfully, is able to become a filmmaker himself, beginning this way the work of manipulation and estrangement of immortal classics. The actor has sometimes called "variations". Are these years many shows as "the strange case of Dr. Jekill & Mr. Hyde", "Gregory", "Pinocchio", "Salome", "Hamlet", "pink and black". In 1965 he tried his hand as a writer, producing the paradoxical text "Nostra signora dei Turchi" published by Sugar Publishing House. The year after, the novel is being adapted and staged at the teatro Beat ' 62.
In the same years begins its cinematic parenthesis, first as an actor in the films of Pasolini "Oedipus Rex", then as Director of the film "Nostra signora dei Turchi" once again taken from his first novel. The film won the special jury prize at Venice and remains a unique case within the cinematic experimentation. Then, make another two films "Capricci" (1969) and "Don Giovanni" (1970), while the 1972 "the eye is missing", book published by Feltrinelli and controversially turned his critics. With "Salome" (1972) and "A Hamlet in less" (1973) closes its cinematic experience, only resumed in 1979 with "Otello", filmed for television and mounted only in recent times.
Back to theater with "La cena delle beffe" (1974), and "S.A.D.". (1974) and then again with "Hamlet" (1975). Follow numerous works, but very important is its so-called "breakthrough" concert, represented in the first instance from "Manfred" (1980), a work based on the homonymous poem by Schumann. Great success with audiences and critics. In 1981 the Torre degli Asinelli in Bologna plays "Lectura Dantis", then in the 80 's "Pinocchio" (1981), "Wendy" (1984), Hommelette for "Hamlet" (1987), "Lorenzaccio" (1989) and "Achilleide # 1 and # 2" (1989-1990). From 1990 to 1994 the long absence from the scenes, during which, as he himself will say, "disoccuperà."
In 1995 he was back in the spotlight and in particular in the bookstores with his opera omnia "" in the series of classics, which had Bompiani in 2000 the poem "' mal de ' fiori".
Speaking of the latter work, in a car-interview prepared for May 16, 2000 literary Café, wrote: "before this ' mal de ' fiori I never ran into a nostalgia of the things that were never in any artistic production (literature, poetry, music). Have always been deprived of every vocation understood as poetic mimesis of life as elegiac, regretful memories of suffering-landscapes, never warmed to the "poverty of love", always in the verses of the poem resized in its function as ' Porter ' sake, friendly or not. Redeemed by divine, unmotivated, sceno emptied once and for all the grief in her repetition obsessive erotic without return ...
March 16, 2002, died in his Roman home. He was 64 years old.
"Can't be dead who has always declared not to be born," said the news of his death with Enrico Ghezzi, Carmelo Bene had signed the book "speech about two feet (football)".
Filmography
Nostra signora dei turchi, 1968
Capricci, 1969
Don Giovanni, 1970
Salome, 1972 Videos
One hamlet less, 1973
Bibliography
Well Carmelo, Works. With the Autograph of a portrait. Bompiani
Carmelo Bene, ' mal de ' fiori poem, Bompiani
Dino Campana, Orphic Songs Woody Allen. With CD, Bompiani 19Cosetta g. Saba, Carmelo Bene, 1999 Beaver
Carmelo Bene, Enrico Ghezzi, speech about two feet (football), Bompiani
Carmelo Bene, Giancarlo Dotto, life of Carmelo Bene, Bompiani 1998
Piergiorgio Gamage, Carmelo Bene. Anthropology of an acting machine, Bompiani 1997
Henry B, Fulvio De Lucis, morality of the seven veils. Salome by Carmelo Bene, ERGA 1997
Emilio Villa, Letania for Carmelo Bene, all'insegna del Pesce d'Oro 1996
Henry B, Roberto Found classic remake. The Hamlet of Carmelo Bene, ERGA 1996
Biography of Edda Ciano Mussolini
September 1, 1910
April 9, 1995
Who is Edda Ciano Mussolini?
Duce's daughter, Edda was born on September 1, 1910, by Benito Mussolini and Rachele Guidi; the couple is not married, and Edda is an illegitimate recorded only from the father, "N.N." instead of the name. Edda spent his childhood in Milan, discola, skinny, often behaves like a tomboy.Thanks to her friend Mary knows the latter's brother, count Galeazzo Ciano; After only two months Edda Ciano, early twenties, married on April 24, 19Capri is the goal of their honeymoon, then the couple leave for Shanghai where Galeazzo Ciano is console. After the birth of her son Fabrizio fall in Italy in 1932, where Cyan's career culminates with his appointment as Foreign Minister.
The son-in-law of IL duce is always busy with commitments concerning its location. Edda plays a life of society; two more sons were born: Raimonda Dindina called in December 1933, and Marzio in December 19While Cyan participates in the Abyssinian War, Edda lived with her children in the big house in Parioli. on Sunday he went of to lunch abituidine by parents at Villa Torlonia.
Home education Cyan is stiff, military: the mother and all, including children, call the Edda, offspring with unquestionable orders line. For the boys Sunday visits to grandparents Mussolini are a breath of fresh air, because the label is left out of the gate.
After the outbreak of the war, Edda Ciano leaves for Albania with the band of the Salvation Army. The hospital ship which embarked, "Po", is torpedoed by the British while it is docked in the port of Vlore: sinks and disaster produces a high number of victims. In fact Edda dives into the sea and swam to safety arises out of a lifeboat.
His life as a red cross nurse continues with great dedication: to the children entrusted housekeeper, a hard-line German lady.
The war continues: Edda left the Salvation Army. On July 25, 1943 is on holiday at the seaside with children, when a message arrives to Galeazzo Ciano that asks them to return for Rome. Ciano voted against Mussolini: fascism fell.
While Cyan remains barricaded in home, Edda tries to cut a deal with the Germans the expatriation of the family, after the Vatican refused them asylum. The Germans to pretend expatriate family, Cyan for Spain, instead make them prisoners in Germany. Mussolini is freed and the Salo Republic; Cyan is stopped on October 18, 1943 and returned to Italy.
Edda begins a lonely battle to save the life of her husband, trying to trade the same diaries, critical of the Germany. With the help of a few trusted friend Edda secures children in Switzerland, retrieves her husband's diaries and blackmails the father relying on feelings. He blackmails with Hitler diaries, however fails to save her husband who is shot in Verona on January 11, 1944.
Edda took refuge with their children in Switzerland; staying mostly in nursing homes or mental institutions and money is scarce.
Shot Mussolini, after four months, at the request of the Italians, Swiss citizens leave the country with Edda Ciano compassion is delivered to the allies to prevent it accomplishes a drumhead and violent. Sentenced to two years of confinement with grotesque charges Edda was sent to Lipari. After a year of benefits from an amnesty and rejoins the children.
Then begins a battle to recover the body of his father to get family property seized. According to the Edda Chronicles and Rachel's mother were divided by a deadly hatred: her mother scolded her husband's betrayal, the daughter not have interceded with the father for the salvation of the same. Only in 1947 the two women found a reconciliation.
Edda retrieves a part of household goods, life begins to flow in a less turbulent and more affluent. Edda travels the world on their own without missing a visit to Fabrizio Dindina and sons (Marzio died young), settled abroad.
The beloved daughter by Mussolini, in a series of interviews recorded in 1989 by a longtime friend, told for the first time in his life, with a sometimes embarrassing sincerity. Revealed so many secrets, not state, as family. Adolescence, the difficult relationship between parents, their passions, and the power of the father loves, wars, social life, the tragic days of Verona.
Edda Ciano Mussolini goes off in Rome on April 9, 1995.
Biography of Vittorio Gassman
September 1, 1922
June 28, 2000
Who is Vittorio Gassman?
Unforgotten and unforgettable and Italian film actor, Vittorio Gassman was born in Genoa on September 1, 1922 by a German construction engineer and the pisana Luisa Ambron. Interrupted law studies to join the Academy of dramatic art, since the 1941-42 season he made his debut on the stage, not yet graduated, in "the enemy" (1943) by Niccodemi alongside Alda Borelli. Immediately stands out for its extraordinary stage presence and the qualities of temperament, which with time will be worth the nickname of "errand boy".Subsequently became one of the most popular among the young actors of the local theater scene working-among others-with Guido Salvini, Luigi Squarzina and a sacred monster like Luchino Visconti (who at the time was already "Visconti", i.e. a name everyone celebrated), becoming the only Director (1954-55 season) of his own company: wide repertoire, ranging from "A Streetcar Named desire" by Williams to "Oreste" di Alfieri two Shakespearean classics, such as "Hamlet" and "Otello" at "Kean, genius and recklessness" by Dumas, passing for "Alessandro Manzoni's Adelchi". To remember his wonderful stage version of the play directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini "Affabulazione" (1977), which will also be important for the career of his son Alexander.
Worthy of note also its television activities: to mention, at least, the extraordinary success in 1959 with the entertainment broadcast "Il mattatore", directed by Daniele D'anza, and lucky for the small screen adaptations of some of his biggest hits.
From 1946 he began his successful career in film, which will focus increasingly over time: in this regard deserve to be mentioned "I soliti ignoti" (1958) and "the great war" (1959) by Mario Monicelli, "Il sorpasso" (1962) and "I mostri" (1963), directed by Dino Risi, "l'armata Brancaleone" (1966) by Monicelli, "alibi" (1969) which is also co-director "In the name of the Italian people" (1971) and "scent of a woman" (1974), directed by Dino Risi, "c'eravamo tanto amati (1974) and" La terrazza "(1980) by Ettore Scola," lost soul "(1977) and" Dear Dad "(1979) again with Risi, the stakes in" a wedding "(1978) and" Quintet "(1978) by Robert Altman, ending with" the family "(1987) by Ettore Scola," Lo zio indegno (1989) by Franco Brusati "Tolgo il disturbo (1990), directed by Dino Risi.
Histrionic nature but also highly sensitive, the actor confessed to having suffered several times in life despite the extraordinary successes (including women), abysmal depressions, one of which is particularly serious and recovered for a case, after taking another pill medicine (which in that case, however, did effect). Such was the problem around this his experience also wrote a book "Memoirs from the basement". Lately it was much closer to the religious experience, even with its typical tormented approach and doubtful.
The "star performer" went off on 28 June 2000, to 78 years, in his home in Rome due to a heart attack.
Biography of Bill Kaulitz
Who is Bill Kaulitz?
Bill Kaulitz was born in Leipzig (Germany) on September 1, 1989.It is the lead singer of Tokio Hotel Group.
His twin brother Tom Kaulitz is the lead guitarist of the group.
From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Already at the age of 10 years the brothers began to perform live in the town of Loitsche with the name Black Question Mark. The first song that gave birth is called Leb die Sekunde ("alive"), their debut album Schrei. After meeting with their two friends Gustav Schäfer (drummer) and Georg Listing (bass) in one of their shows, they decided to join the band. Bill decided by common agreement with the twin Tom (guitar) to give life to the "Devilish" in 2001, which changed after three years in "Tokio Hotel", under Universal Music label.
In 2003, Bill participated in the television show Star Search, but finished in second place, between public disagreements on winning by Oliver Bruton, singing "It's Raining Men". This situation was noticed by producer Peter Hoffman who decided to put under contract by Sony BMG (which is then sostituaita by Universal Music) the band after it had presented their songs. It will be the song "Durch den Monsun (Monsoon, in the English version) to introduce them throughout Europe, reaching the top of the charts at European level [8] and winning numerous platinum and gold between Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France and Italy, in the summer of 2007.
Following this success, Tokio Hotel embarked on a world tour, but was temporarily interrupted in March 2008 due to a cyst on his vocal cords. The singer underwent a surgical excision, which however did not compromise his vocal skills. The tour was filmed during the summer of 2008 with the 1000 Hotels Tour which has touched all the cities in which you had to keep the previously cancelled concerts.
On October 2, 2009 he released a new album of Tokio Hotel Humanoid, made in English and German version. The first single to be released was Automatic/Automatisch released September 18, 2009 which was created the video. The second single to be extracted is World Behind My Wall/Lass Uns Laufen, also accompanied by a music video official.
At the beginning of the 2010 tour, which included shows in 32 cities across Europe, including four in Italy: Turin, Milan, Padua and finally Rome. [9] the name of the tour is "Welcome to HUMANOID City Tour. In the summer of 2010 has been published recording of video and audio data. The tour outfits care was entrusted to the DSquared fashion house for which the singer paraded during the fashion week in Milan. After the European tour, the Group launched to conquer Asian territory performing in places like Taiwan with small samples of European tour or acoustic session. In December 2010 are finally landed in Tokyo with Japanese fandom and publishing in Japan only, album "Darkside Of The Sun", with the best Hits of the group. In the same period was released worldwide a "Best Of" in German and English version accompanied by two songs never before published "Hurricanes and Suns" (2009) and "Mädchen Aus Dem All" (2003). After this the entire publishing group withdrew from the scene in order to devote himself to the new album, granting rare appearances such as those to Russia Tv and Muz at a charity event to support victims of the earthquake in Japan organized by Mtv.
Biography of Tom Kaulitz
Who is Tom Kaulitz?
Tom Kaulitz, guitarist of the German rock band Tokio Hotel, was born in Leipzig on September 1, 19Bill Kaulitz twin brother is the singer of the band.He started playing guitar at the age of six years thanks to his stepfather Gordon Trümper, a former rock musician and owner of a music school; It is he who has sent him and his brother's passion for music. While Tom learned to play the guitar, his brother learned to play the keyboard and then devoted himself to singing.
However, it was at the age of 8 years that Tom began to write notes and the basics of Devilish songs (later renamed Tokio Hotel) while at the same time his brother Bill composed the words of the songs.
The Group was formed in 2001, following the meeting of the two with Georg Listing and Gustav Schäfer.
The name Tokio was chosen in homage to the great Japanese metropolis Tokyo while Hotel as the group lives most of the time in hotels and has become their "home".
Biography of Ahmad Shah Massoud
September 1, 1953
September 9, 2001
Who is Ahmad Shah Massoud?
Ahmad Shah Massoud, the Northern Alliance leader and fighter against the Taliban regime, was killed by suicide bombers on September 9, 2001, two days before the attack to the U.S.A.For years defended its people in the Panjshir Valley from the Taliban, fighting for a democratic Islam and a free Afghanistan. In the logic of the Taliban his assassination would have to prevent the Northern Alliance to liberate the country with the support of the United States expected.
For millions of people looking for the latest adventure characters he was an icon like Che Guevara: the romantic ideal of intellectual Warrior. It looked like a beat generation poet, with his typical headdress of the populations of the Hindu Kush always worn crosswise, and an Existentialist expression in his eyes. He wanted to be an architect when, as a teenager, she studied at the French Lycée in Kabul.
Fate willed Mujahidin, fighter for the freedom of Afghanistan until the end. The fight began with only 20 men, 10 kalashnikov, a machine gun and two rocket launchers. The references were intellectuals: Mao Zedong, Che Guevara, Ho Chi Minh, the revolutionary tactics adapted to the situation in Afghanistan.
In the course of little more than twenty years he defeated the dictator Muhammad Daoud Afghan and the Red Army of the Soviet Union. Most have escaped many of the harshest encirclements Russian generals and being able to keep in check the black hordes of Taliban, may be considered by many to be a miracle.
Ahmad Shah Massoud was a legend who was born in a land that has seen mythical figures as Alessandro (Dj) and Tamerlane (Timur). His Islam was friendly as the flavor of peaches of Panjshir, anything like the zany version of the Taliban.
According to astrologers the Afghans would have to live another 40 years, but unfortunately it was not. The much less would have been enough to see a free Afghanistan. Would have time to devote himself to finally games of chess with friends and reading Persian poetry which he loved so much, in her home in the Valley that looks like the materialization of Shangri-La.
Massoud slept less than four hours a night. Officially it was the vice President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan, the only Government in the country, recognized by the United Nations, but which controlled only 10 percent of the territory. With the help of a satellite phone and walkie-talky coordinated fight financed with proceeds from the sale of emeralds and lapis lazuli mines extracts its Valley.
In the rare moments to stop returning home by his wife and by four children dwelling in his library containing more than 3000 volumes of which many ancient.
Around the Panjsher, Massoud was revered as a feudal Lord, almost like a King.
The most marked contrast between his conception of Islam and that the Taliban was the status of women, on this topic was often at odds with other leaders of the Northern Alliance.
His dream was to build a University in the Panjshir Valley, mainly to give the possibility to the Afghan women to study, play an active role in the governance of the country and initiate an emancipation from traditional role is reserved for them in Afghanistan.
In an interview, Massoud was asked how he saw the future: "to be honest, I'd love to spend the rest of their lives to rebuild my country."
It is now responsible for all Afghans, regardless of ethnic and tribal divisions, fulfill his dream.
Biography of Sandra Mondaini
September 1, 1931
September 21, 2010
Who is Sandra Mondaini?
Sandra Mondaini was born in Milan on September 1, 19Daughter of art Lie, a famous painter and comedian of "Bertoldo", started acting in theater at the invitation of comedian Marcello Marchesi, a family friend. It was the only Italian soubrette to choose, while still on the runway clothes rustled millionaires and cinemascopici smiles, the comic side of variety, that it was imperative to know how to act.In 1955 called by Erminio Macario who two years before had noted as "generic" in one of the first Italian television programs.
Beside the great comedian Sandra learns humility of the profession and the iron discipline of the stage, when even the smallest mistake costs a fine up to 3,000 lire. Recitation with Macario in a trilogy of Maccari Amendola and magazines, achieving a great success ("Man conquers Sundays", 1955-56; "Bajaj", 1956-57; " Don't shoot the Stork! ", 1957-58).
On these occasions, Sandra Mondaini proves its versatility and wicked sense of humor; It also says a new image that is mostly soubrette brilliant actress and that overturning the conventions of luxury and charm to the first woman.
In 1958 Sandra meets the young Raimondo Vianello, who four years later (1962) will become her husband and inseparable companion of life and work. Along with Raimondo Vianello and Gino Bramieri, form a "company" that imposes itself successfully in "Sayonara Butterfly" (1959) by Marcello Marchesi, "Struts and Tahir", a parody of the Puccini opera.
The comedians in the 1959-60 season have a very traditional magazine, "a juke box for Dracula", rich in political and social satire. Then Sandra Mondaini is called by Garinei and Giovannini to interpret the musical comedy "Un mandarino per Teo", next to Walter Chiari, Alberto Bonucci and Ave Ninchi. Then he devoted himself especially to television, which had begun work in 1953.
Among his theatrical experiences "is Now of fantasy" (from which Billy Wilder comedy drew "kiss me, stupid"), along with a young Pippo Baudo.
The first big television success comes with the music broadcast "Canzonissima" (1961-62), where he says the character of Arabella, fearful child prodigy. The early 70 's the couple Vianello-Malhotra take the exhilarating drama of a couple any newspapers in beautiful varieties, like "you know what?" (1972), "apologies" (1974), "we ... no" (1977), "la Befana" (1978), "Stasera niente di nuovo" (1981).
Sandra e Raimondo thus become the most famous pair of Italian television, who gained for the graceful and pungent humour with which he animated parodies of your home theater.
In 1982 the couple passes at Fininvest networks where, followed by a wider audience and fond, have many varieties, such as "The Persuaders" (1982), "Zig Zag" (1983-86) and transmission that bears their name: "Sandra and Raymond Show" (1987). From 1988 are interpreters of the sit-com "Casa Vianello", where the two play themselves; Sandra plays an increasingly bored and never resigned consort, which will become an Italian icon. The success of the formula is also transferred to a couple of summer format: "Cascina Vianello" (1996) and "I misteri di Cascina Vianello" (1997).
Passing by Cutolina, Sabour, a capricious but faithful eternal wife, Sandra Mondaini counts in his long career also plays on the big screen: "Noi siamo due evasi (1959)," husband hunting "(1960)," Ferragosto in bikini "(1961) and" Le motorizzate (1963).
The latest effort is the tv movie entitled "Van", 20At the end of that year he announced his retirement, motivated by increasingly poor health that do not allow it to stand with ease and forced a wheelchair since 2005.
He died in Milan on September 21, 2010, at the age of 79 years, at the San Raffaele Hospital where he was hospitalized for about 10 days.
Biography of Louis XIV
September 5, 1638
September 1, 1715
Who is King Louis XIV?
Luigi Deodato di Borbone, better known as King Louis XIV was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, on 5 September 16Third King of France and Navarre, a member of the House of Bourbon, is considered the true founder of what monarchical absolutism says, which is to make every decision relating to the people only from their sovereign. For this reason and for the image, lush and impressive, he managed to give himself, has passed into history with the names of the Sun King and King Louis the great.Son of Louis XIII of France and Anne of Austria, his birth is already worthy of being told, after twenty-three years of marriage passed without children. The second name, Deodato, derives from this extraordinary, divine's fatherly advice.
Formally, Luigi Deodato became King of France at age five, in 1643, i.e. upon the death of his father. But for almost twenty years after the event, the Italian Cardinal Mazzarino, famous for his library, to govern the country, thanks to its great influence on the mother of the future King. The death of the high priest, in 1661, the courtiers gather and disoriented, not knowing where else to turn, first and only child of the real French, Louis, asking him who would have to take orders from then on. The future ruler was only twenty-two years old then, but responds flatly that he would be, from that moment, the sole repository of sovereign power.
During the Fronde, turbulent era for France, full of threats and conspiracies, characterized by continuous attacks by the nobility at the French Royal power, Louis XIV wants to avoid at any price to relive those moments of unrest and realizes that he must get to the head of a numerous people, representing the absolute Summit. Welcomes and transforms, making concrete, Hobbes ' ideas, dating back some thirty years earlier, placing himself at the head of Leviathan, as written by the same English philosopher, which is at the top of the arms represented by countless people, which would form all the force of the State.
The image, of the central power, finance and war, even for propaganda purposes, are its resources. Besides a food court in order to obtain the consensus of writers and poets, often abusing power iron censorship, with the ultimate goal to appear as something far beyond the ground. This, in essence, the formula that turns in the Sun King.
After a short time since taking office, the King of France Appoints Jean-Baptiste Colbert as "Comptroller General", i.e. the Ministry of finance. Choose the son of a merchant, and avoid fishing in strong powers to prevent a powerful aristocracy could overshadow his figure. Same thing is for the Minister of war, preferring the Marquis de Luvois, son of a Royal Chancellor. It is surrounded by officials and stewards, exploiting the teachings of Cardinal Richelieu, who had preceded him and the Mazarin. Every single district or Department, as it is called, must do in a set state appointed by the King, according to a modern and efficient administrative system, in which the sovereign power and its control over every aspect of the State.
Does an old hunting then, Versailles, the only major court in Europe, home of the infamous Royal Palace. By 1682 the city, away from riots in Paris, becomes the only real home. Here, already before, in 1668 and in 1672, Louis XIV organizes two large parties, go to the history of France "of the ancien regime. Theatre, dance, Fireworks and lighting effects and canal water, draw the nobles at Court and build the myth of the Sun King and the Palace of Versailles. Soon, the great artists of the stage as Racine and Moliere, take her. With them, painters, sculptors, singers of all sorts. Not to mention the music of a great composer as the Italian Giovanni Battista Lulli.
In the eighties of the 17th century, Louis XIV thus reached the height of his fame, known all over the world. Noted, the phrase "l ' état, c'est moi", meaning "I am the State", attributed to it by his biographers and symptomatic of his way of governing, which centralizes all State power in a single person.
To show their strength and loyalty, then get the King of France also uses of war, when not just religious persecution, like the one against the Huguenots, who considers it a sect able to give headaches to their power. On 17 October 1685, therefore the edict of Fontainebleau, which officially decreed that Catholic France, without divisions or religious differences. Against papal power, relegate him to the Roman borders, offers the Gallican Church whose four bearing points, are a direct consequence of the first sort, which States that the power of the Pope is to be understood in a purely spiritual.
With the arrival of the 18th century, the wars also, maybe too many and too expensive during the reign of Louis Deodato. Indeed, even before the ' 700 there had been several wars, in which the French Crown had inserted, such as devolution of 1667 or those fought between the Netherlands and England. However, the war of the Spanish succession, as it is called by historians because for dynastic events erupted regarding the throne of Spain, for sure is the most bloody addressed by Louis XIV.
The King of France from 1660 is married to Maria Theresa of Austria, also known as Maria Theresa of Austria, daughter of the King of Spain, Philip IV and designated as heir to the Spanish throne. Iberian legacy is huge, including the Kingdom of Naples, Kingdom of Sicily, the Duchy of Milan, the Spanish Netherlands and a vast colonial empire in South America. When he died without heirs the banned Spanish King Charles II, France and Austria themselves again against each other over the succession to the throne, because both related to the Spanish Crown. Luigi offers the Duke of Anjou, the great-grandson of the eldest daughter of Philip III of Spain, Anne of Austria, and the grandson of the eldest daughter of Philip IV of Spain, Maria Teresa, wife of Louis XIV. The Austria has in Charles, Archduke of Austria and son of Emperor Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, her suitor, because her grandmother Maria Anna, a daughter of the King of Spain.
The constraint however left by Charles in his will for those who would rule after him is pretty heavy: the pretender would have to give up their title with the promise to keep intact the Spanish borders.
The war breaks out after the appointment of Philip of Anjou, named Philip V, who too soon, in 1701 promulgates "Asiento", i.e. the law giving exclusive rights to France by Spain on sale of slaves in the colonies of the new world. You create a new Grand Alliance, including the uk, and the war becomes inevitable and aimed at avoiding that the France of Louis take a domain too large on other European countries.
The war of the Spanish succession in practice throughout the latter part of the life of Louis, marking the end of his reign and compromising its size, because of the huge economic and military costs. After the initial victories, the war machine of the Sun King. The Duke of Marlborough and Prince of Savoy obtained several victories over France, Portugal sided with the Alliance and the battles of Ramillies and Oudenaarde do miss franco-Spanish forces in the Spanish Netherlands, as well as the battle of Turin forced the King to abandon the Italian front.
In 1709 Louis XIV, weakened, it must give all conquered territories, keeping France at the Treaty of Westphalia, signed more than sixty years before. It is, in practice, the end of his reign and his greatness. Permanently compromised by excessive use of force, at the expense of a population increasingly plagued by hunger and hardships of war, as well as from taxes.
Louis XIV dies of gangrene in one leg, on 1 September 1715, a few days before his 77th birthday and after 72 years 3 months and 18 days. His great-grandson Louis, Duke of Anjou, with the name of Louis XV.
Biography of Edgar Rice Burroughs
September 1, 1875
March 19, 1950
Who is Edgar Rice Burroughs?
Burroughs is part of the array of adventure most read authors in the history of world narrative: was the creator of a series of storylines between literature's most beloved of all time. One for all: Tarzan.The son of a manufacturer of batteries, Edgar Rice Burroughs was born on September 1, 1875 in Chicago; After attending several private schools he enlisted first in the U.S. Cavalry, then grapple with its lack of satisfaction in the professions of Miner, railway police and the seller in a Drugstore. In 1911 tries to get a company to sell knives, but without success. A failure that will result to love about his character, so as to induce him to commit suicide. Fortunately the publication of his first novel encouraged him to desist from the insane gesture and so within a few years he was able to emerge as a writer of adventure novels and Science Fiction.
During the 20 's and 30 's success that he meets as an author is nothing short of amazing. Also suffers his bank account and with this his ever-present entrepreneurial spirit. Then founded his own company, "Edgar Rice Burroughs Incorporated" (ERB Inc.), aimed at publication of his writings. Hollywood also helps to increase his fame with several Tarzan films, his most famous character.
In recent years, Edgar Rice Burroughs is devoted mainly to politics. The March 19, 1950 died at his Ranch by the fanciful name "Tarzana", California, leaving his children an inheritance of over ten million dollars.
As mentioned above the Burroughs's first novel was published in six installments during the 1912 the magazine All-Story Magazine; It was the novel "Under the moons of Mars", which in his 1917 book version was retitled "A Princess of Mars". This was the first book of the successful series of Mars, consisting of an endless list of titles.
Although descriptions of Mars provided by Burroughs have nothing to do with the current knowledge about the red planet and despite the absurdity of concepts such as "astral projection" (obviously at the time of writing his novel this seemed the only way to send his hero on Mars) the cycle of "Barsoon" is considered pure Science Fiction. On the other hand it should be noted that often the fantasy component assumes a dominant role and it is therefore understandable that some critics have questioned the science fiction aspect of the series.
A few months after the release of "Under the moons of Mars", in the magazine All-Story Magazine made the appearance the novel Tarzan of the apes ", with whom Burroughs began the highly successful cycle dedicated to the adventures of Tarzan, and which was the main source of his fortune. The adventures of Tarzan include 25 novels, translated into more than 60 languages, and at least 30 films. They also inspired a unspecified amount of comics, tv series and cartoons.
In 1914 he appeared in four episodes on All-Strory the Pellucidar series, which also includes numerous titles, one of which appeared posthumously. This time the adventures of the protagonist and his companion Innes, Professor Abner Perry, also fit in the center of the Earth (clearly inspired by the work of the great forerunner Jules Verne), where men live to the stage of the stone age, who are forced to live under the yoke of an aggressive race of humanoid reptiles. In the first novel, the protagonists manage to organize a revolt to liberate men from their slavery.
A few years later appeared in Blue Book magazine three stories? "The Land That Time Forgot", "The People That Time Forgot", "Out of Time's Abyss"-which are among the finest works of Burroughs. The stories were later in 1924 incorporated into novel titled "The Land That Time Forgot", which in 1975 was also made into a film of the same name. This time the adventures also fit on Earth and more specifically on a forgotten island of Caprona name, where residents during their lives they live each stage of evolution: from single up to Homo sapiens.
Burroughs began his last series in 1932 with the publication in the magazine Argosy in the novel "The Pirates of Venus". The Venus series also includes the novels "Lost on Venus" (1935), "Carson of Venus (1939)," Escape on Venus (1946) and "The Wizard of Venus" (1970, posthumous). Here you can find the same elements already present in the Mars cycle, except to the extent that this time the delirious protagonist, Carson Napier-who wants to go find John Carter on Mars-Venus arrives with a spaceship built by himself.
Science fiction of Edgar Rice Burroughs is without any doubt clearly illogical, exaggerated and totally unrealistic, but the influence of his works in the field of great literature was great and had the honor to dream whole generations of fans of this inexhaustible genre. Primarily affects the ease with which the reader is involved in his novels: in just a few pages he is already completely addicted from each other and fully integrated in weird worlds in which also fit the adventures recounted. And it is in this aspect that stands out on the literary skills of Burroughs, a true master of adventure.
Sources: Biografieonline.it