André Breton- Notable Biographies

(1896/02/18 - 1966/09/22)

André Breton
French critic and poet

He was born on February 18, 1896, in Pinchebray, Orne (France).
Between 1906 and 1912 he studied secondary school Chaptal. Then he studied medicine, after which began to work in psychiatric hospitals during World War I. Spent some time, he moved to Paris, where he began to work as a writer, and where he became pioneer movements anti-rationalist in art and literature known as Dadaism and surrealism, arising from the widespread disenchantment with the tradition that defined the post World War I era.
He dedicated much of his time to study in detail the works of Sigmund Freud and experimenting with automatic writing. All this greatly influenced his formulation of the surrealist theory. He wrote in the magazine Littérature, the leading surrealist publication, in whose Foundation collaborated with Paul Éluard, Louis Aragon and Philippe Soupault and of which he was editor for many years.
In 1921 he published the magnetic fields, which explores the possibilities of hypnosis. In 1922 he broke with Tristan Tzara, the founder of Dadaism and established the aesthetics of Surrealism in the first surrealist manifesto of 1924, which meet two subsequent redactions in 1930 and 1942.
His most creative work is the partly autobiographical novel Nadja (1928). In 1937 he inaugurated "Gradiva" Gallery in the street of Seine. In 1941 he embarks on the Capitaine-Paul-Lemerle to Martinique, where he is interned in a camp. Released on bail he arrives in New York for an exile that will last five years.
He wrote La lanterne sourde (deaf flashlight). A year later he founded New York magazine "VVV". In 1956 he founded a new magazine, "Le Surréalisme Meme". His poetry, collected poems (1948), reflects the influence of the poets Arthur Rimbaud and Paul Valéry.
In 1934 he married Jacqueline Lamba, INSPIRER of "crazy love", born two years after her daughter Aube. In New York he met his new wife, Elisa.
André Breton died in Paris on September 22, 1966.