Biography of Juan Rulfo… Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra… Selena Gomez… Robert Hooke…

Biography of Juan Rulfo

(16/05/1917 - 1986/01/07)

Juan Rulfo
Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Rulfo Vizcaíno
Mexican writer

He was born on May 16, 1917 in Sayula, Jalisco, Mexico State.
It was the third of five children of Juan Nepomuceno Pérez Rulfo and María Vizcaíno Arias. A wealthy family. His father was murdered on June 1, 1923, when he was six years old.
He entered primary school in 1924, the year of the death of his father; six years later would make him his mother, remaining in the custody of his grandmother. He subsequently entered an orphanage in Guadalajara. She spent her childhood in the countryside, in his homeland, where he witnessed the violent episodes of the cristero rebellion between 1926 and 1929.
In 1933, he wanted to enter the University of Guadalajara, but being on strike, he decided to move to the city of Mexico in 1934. He attended the College of San Ildefonso as a listener. That same year he began to write and collaborate in the America Magazine. Since 1938 he traveled regions of the country on secondment from the Ministry of the Interior to cultivate his passion for the culture and anthropology in his country. Then he started to publish his most relevant stories in literary magazines.
His first novel, the children of discouragement, began writing in 1938, and in 1942 appeared two of his stories published in the magazine Pan, that would form part of the llano in llamas (1953), along with others that were appearing in magazines.
In 1946 he began working for Goodrich Euzkadi as agent traveller and there began his remarkable work Photo. He married Clara Aparicio in 1947, with whom he had four children: Claudia Berenice, Juan Francisco, Juan Pablo and Juan Carlos). He went on to work in the Department of publicity of the Goodrich, and from 1954 to 1957 he collaborated in the Papaloapan Commission and served as editor on the national indigenist Institute in the city of Mexico.
Two chapters of his novel Pedro Páramo (1955) were published in magazines and then, the book, which was almost immediately translated into German by Mariana Frenk (1958), and some time later in other languages, such as English, French, Swedish, Polish, Italian, Norwegian or Finnish. With only two works. "The burning plain" and "Pedro Páramo" became to be regarded as one of the great authors of universal literature.
Also was the author of some other script, as the looting, on an original idea of his own; The Golden Cockerel (1964), based on an idea by the novelist, scripted by Carlos Fuentes and Gabriel García Márquez and the secret formula (1965), Rubén Gamez with texts by Rulfo.
Of his work, it should be noted that thanks to the drafts of their papers, published in 1994, is evidence of the writing process in which Pedro Páramo has opted in a manner similar to the poetry of César Vallejo, by dint of courts on the same body of text, stripping it of any explanatory or even narrative too. He was also related the tradition of literature of the Mexican Revolution (Azuela, Guzmán, Munoz), then riots (1943), or Yáñez (1947), without place to doubt history important in his work, though soon just with those writers inaugurating a new language and a new way to novelistic.
Eligio García, brother of the Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez note that the first sentence of "one hundred years of solitude" in the mouth of the Colonel Aureliano Buendía and that reads "many years later, facing a firing squad..." was born in a hotel in Acapulco (Mexico), where the writer spent a vacation. The initial paragraph figure as a tribute to the writer Juan Rulfo, because the phrase is very similar to one used by the Mexican in Pedro Páramo: "father Renteria would be agreed many years after the night in which the hardness of his bed did awake and then forced him to leave." It was the night that killed Miguel Páramo".
In 1970 won the National literature prize in Mexico and in 1983 the Príncipe de Asturias prize in Spain.
John Rufo died in the City of Mexico on 7 January 1986 due to pulmonary emphysema.

Biography of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

(1547/09/29 - 1616-04-23)

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
Spanish novelist, poet and playwright

Considered the greatest Spanish writer of all time, and one of the best universal writers.
He was probably born 29 September 1547 in Alcalá de Henares, Madrid.
He was baptized in the Church of Santa María the 9 October 1547. It is the fourth of seven children of the cirujano-barbero Rodrigo de Cervantes and Leonor de Cortinas.
It seems that he studied with the Jesuits in Córdoba or Sevilla and perhaps in Salamanca. During his adolescence, he lived in different Spanish cities (Madrid, Seville).
When he was twenty years old, he left his country to make their way in Rome, the city where he was in the service of the Cardinal Acquaviva. He toured Italy, joined the Spanish Navy, and participated in the battle of Lepantoin 1571. It was in this battle, where he lost the movement of the left arm, so it was called the Manco de Lepanto, despite this continued fighting in battles as Tunisia or Corfu. While returning to Spain, in the year 1575, he was captured by pirates and transferred to Algiers, where it suffered five years of captivity (1575-1580). It is released thanks to the ransom paid by the Trinitarian monk fray Juan Gil. October 27 will reach the Spanish coast and landed in Dénia (Valencia) captivity lasted altogether five years and one month.
Departed to Madrid and upon arrival, found his family in ruins. Related at the beginning of 1584 to Ana Villafranca in a tavern in the Union Street, run by a Spaniard, the husband of this 19-year-old boy. In autumn of the same year (when just promise with his future wife Catalina), was born to his daughter Isabel, fact that the writer hid for some time. Many years later, the writer gave his second surname, Saavedra. In September 1584 he travelled to Esquivias and there he met the young 19 years hidalga called Catalina de Salazar y Palacios; the crush was instant and they promised to marry in the same year. Cervantes was 37 years old. Soon he left in Esquivias to his wife to look life to other places in Spain. Catalina liquidated maternal inheritance for the benefit of their brethren and accompanied him to Valladolid. Now they became not separated until his death. Living conditions seems to be that they were miserable to occupying half a million people on the banks of the Esgueva River. His wife was not able to conceive a baby, had to endure the captivity of her husband in prison in Seville, and admit to a daughter of another woman.
He published La Galatea (1585) and fight, unsuccessfully, to highlight in the Theatre. Without means to live, he moved to Seville as Commissioner of supplies for the invincible Armada and tax collector. It is there where imprisoned you because of irregularities in its accounts. When he is released he moved to Valladolid. It is possible that it began in the literature under the supervision and the friendship of the humanist and Grammarian López de Hoyos. It is again imprisoned because of the death of a man in front of his house. In 1606 with the Court returned to Madrid. He lives with economic troubles and surrenders to literary creation.
Between 1590 and 1612, he wrote a series of short novels that, after the recognition obtained with the first part of Don Quixote in 1605, end up bringing in 1613 in the collection of novels copies. This collection begins with the La gitanilla, created around the figure of Preciosa poetic fantasy and the relationship between the gypsy girl and a young able to renounce his rank by love. In contrast to so embellished framework follows the liberal lover, Byzantine novel of love and adventure, with the adversities that Ricardo and Leonisa have to overcome before their marriage.
Don Quixote de la Mancha, considered universal work, believed that you began it to write while he was in jail at the end of the 16th century. The first part, which appeared posted early in 1605 with the title of the ingenious hidalgo don Quixote of la Mancha, had an immediate success was completed in the summer of 1604.
In 1614 it appeared in Tarragona continuation apocryphal book written by someone hidden in the pseudonym Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda, who accumulated insults against Cervantes in the prologue. By then this was very advanced the second part of his immortal novel. He finished it very soon, urged by the literary theft and received injuries. Therefore, from the chapter 59, it lost no chance to ridicule the false Quixote and ensure the authenticity of the true don Quixote and Sancho.
This second part appeared in 1615 with the title of the ingenious gentleman don Quixote of la Mancha. In 1617 the two parts were published together in Barcelona. And since Don Quixote became one of the most published books in the world and, eventually, translated into all the languages with literary tradition. In 2002, this literary work was voted as the best in history in a vote which was attended by 100 writers from 54 different countries. Cervantes did not believe that this was his best work thinking that you will garner more fame by other writings as the exemplary novels.
Cervantes said several times that his first intention was to show readers of the time the absurdities of the novels of chivalry. Indeed, Don Quijote offers a parody of the crazy inventions of such works. But it means much more than an invective against the books of chivalry.
In his later years he published the novels copies (1613), the Journey of the Parnassus (1614), eight comedies and eight starters (1615). The literary triumph not adelivered him out of its economic doldrums. During his last months of life, it is dedicated to the works of Persiles and Segismunda (posthumous publication in 1617).
In 1616, he became ill of dropsy, in April professed in the Third order. The 18th of the same month received the last sacraments and 19 words, "already put the foot in the Stirrup", his last letter: the dedication of the Persiles.
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra died on 23 April 1616 in Madrid and is buried with the Franciscan sayal, in the convent of las Trinitarias Descalzas current calle de Lope de Vega. It retained only six teeth, had the spine warped and accused impacts on the sternum of the lead from arquebus balls received in the battle of Lepanto in 1571. Ten years later, the 30 October 1626, was made site to welcome the body of Catherine. The two bodies remained under the ship until, in 1671, the old convent was demolished and on its foundations rose one new...

Biography of Selena Gomez

(1992/07/22 - Unknown)

Selena Gomez
Selena Marie Gomez
American singer and actress

He was born on July 22, 1992 in Grand Prairie, Texas (United States).
Only daughter of Ricardo Joel Gómez and the former Amanda Dawn Cornett Theater actress. His mother gave birth to the age of 16 years. Selena was called by the famous Tejano singer who died three years after she was born. His father is Mexican and its progenitor, who was adopted, is of Italian-American descent.
Her parents separated when she was five years old and was raised in his mother's House. His sister, Gracie Elliot Teefey, was born of the second marriage of his mother with Brian Teefey, on June 12, 2013; his other sister, Victoria Gomez, was born of his father's relationship with Sara, June 25, 2014.
He completed his primary education in Danny Jones Middle School, in Texas. It began very soon to have interest in the world of the spectacle. His first role came with only seven years old, was in the children's series Barney & Friends. In 2003 she played a small role in the film Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over, and two years later in Walker, Texas Ranger: Trial by Fire.
His big chance comes from the hand of Disney, who discovered it in 2004. In 2006 he was the protagonist of the film for television Brain Zapped. In 2006, he also participated as a guest star in the second season of Zack and Cody. A year later he participated in three episodes of Hannah Montana. They offered the starring role in the series Wizards of Waverly Place, where she plays Alex Russo.
In 2009 he worked in the Disney Channel movie Princess Protection Program and Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie, in 2008 actor had his first role in a movie, Another Cinderella Story. Two years later he appeared on the big screen with Ramona & Beezus.
In the world of music, his first contact was in the television series Barney & Friends, in which he sang in some songs. In 2006 he recorded the soundtrack of the series Brain Zapped. In 2009 he recorded One and the Same for Princess Protection Program and Magic for Wizards of Waverly Place. In 2011 he recorded Shake It Up: Break It Down, Shake It Upsoundtrack. In 2008 she was hired by Hollywood Records, and formed the band Selena Gomez & the Scene. A year after their first album, Kiss & Tell. They achieved a gold disc. The most famous song of the band is Naturally that got the disc of platinum in the United States and Canada. Their second album was released in September 2010, A Year Without Rain. A year later was launched When The Sun Goes Down , which attained the gold disc in the United States. Selena has his own production company called July Moon Productions. In 2010 he launched his own clothing line.
Later worked in feature films such as Monte Carlo (2011) and Hotel Transylvania (2012), Spring Breakers (2013) and made his debut as a soloist with the Stars Dance (2013) Studio album, which was number one in the United States. It won the MTV Video Music Award in the category Best Pop Video for "Come and Get It" in 2013. It was released from their recording contract with Hollywood Records after recording his album of greatest hits For You (2014). He subsequently signed with Interscope Records.
In 2009 was appointed UNICEFGoodwill Ambassador, becoming the youngest artist to assume the position. He graduated in "homeschooling" in high school in 2010.
It has maintained sentimental relations with celebrities such as the actor Taylor Lautner or Justin Bieber singer.

Biography of Robert Hooke

(1635/07/18 - 1702/03/03)

Robert Hooke
English scientist

Born July 18, 1635 in the Isle of Wight, England.
The son of a rural priest who failed to send their child to school. He worked as her teacher teaching reading, writing and arithmetic, as well as the classics.
He moved to London and joined the school of Westminster, where it proved to be an outstanding student. Thanks to its performance enters the University of Oxford at the age of eighteen years. His early scientific genius soon attracted the attention of one of his teachers, Robert Boyle, the chemical carried out some experiments on the nature of the gasin his laboratory. Shortly afterwards he gave the post of laboratory assistant to assist him in his experiments.
His first mission in the laboratory of Boyle was the design and create a pump to compress the air and produce the vacuum. Boyle used air pump built by Hooke to complete the experiments that resulted in the formulation of the law of their gas, which says that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
In 1665 he was Professor of geometry in Gresham College. In 1667 he was appointed surveyor of the city of London. He devised instruments to record changes of the weather conditions and perfected methods to systematically record the information obtained.
In the list of instruments he invented quadrant barometer, an alcohol thermometer, an improved timer, first hygrometer, an anemometer and a "clock" are to automatically record the readings of their various meteorological instruments.
He was the first to formulate the theory of planetary movements as a mechanical problem, he devised a practical system of telegraphy; He invented the spiral watches spring and the first quadrant divided with screws and built the first arithmetical machine and Gregorian telescope.
Robert Hooke died March 3, 1702 in London.