Biography of Marcello Malpighi… Pele - Edson Arantes do Nascimento… Charles Dickens… Georges Pierre Seurat…

Biography of Marcello Malpighi

(1628/03/10 - 1694/11/30)

Marcello Malpighi
Italian physiologist

He was born March 10, 1628 at Crevalcore.
At the University of Bologna he studied medicine and philosophy, graduating doctor of 25 years of age (1653).
In 1656 he was appointed teacher Assistant in Anatomy in Bologna; However, he later moved to Pisa, as Professor of medicine.
In the year 1659 he returned to Bologna, and in 1661 was his most important discovery when he describes network of pulmonary capillaries which connect the veins with arteries.
Others of his findings include observations on the microscopic components of the liver, brain, kidneys, spleen and bones, as well as those carried out on the inside skin layer, which gave its name.
He discovered blood red blood cells and showed that it was they who gave it its color. It identified the taste buds and described the chicken embryo, development of silkworm and the structure of plants.
He was appointed personal physician of the Pope Innocent XII.
Marcello Malpighi died in Rome from November 30, 1694.

Biography of Pele

(1940/10/23 - Unknown)

Pelé
Edson Arantes do Nascimento
Brazilian soccer player

He was born on October 23, 1940 in Três Corações, located in the State of Minas Gerais.
His father, João Ramos do Nascimento, known as Dondinho, was also a professional soccer player in Fluminense. His mother's name was Celeste.
Its beginnings were in the Santos F.c. where he spent most of his career and which won nine Championships Sao Paulo, three tournament Rio-São Paulo, six Brazilian championship of series A, two Libertadores cups, two intercontinental cups and intercontinental Champions Super Cup.
Pelé participated in three wins from the World Cup with the Brazilian national team that was champion in 1958, 1962 and 1970. In 1970 he had marked so far as many 1,000. Between 1975 and 1977 it played with the Cosmos of New York, which won American Football League in 1977.
Considered one of the best players in the history of football. Chosen the best player of the century in a vote made by the winners of the Golden Ball. The IFFHS named him the best player in the world and the International Olympic Committee awarded him the title of best athlete of the 20th century.
Become a myth, after his retirement in 1977, was television actor and wanted to be a singer. He was appointed Knight of honour of the British Empire, citizen of the world by the United Nations, Ambassador for education, science, culture and Buenos desires of the Unesco, Ambassador for Ecology and the environment by the UN (1992), extraordinary Minister of sports by the Government of Brazil (1994-1998) 33 and Ambassador of the sport in the World Economic Forum of Davos (2006). In 2004 was entrusted by FIFA the elaboration of the list of the 125 best living footballers, within the framework of the celebration of the centenary of this institution.
He married Rosemeri Cholbi in 1966 and they divorced in 1978. They had three children: Kelly Cristina, Edinho and Jennifer. In 1994 he married Assiria Seixas Lemos, with whom he had the twins Celeste and Josua. Also maintained relations with the famous Brazilian singer Xuxa and two beauty queens: Deise Nunes de Souza and Flavia Cavalcanti in the 1980's. Recognize you extraconyugalmente two daughters and it was legally obliged to acknowledge the paternity of one of them, Sandra Regina Machado, who cancer victim died on October 17, 2006.

Biography of Charles Dickens

(1812/02/07 - 1870/06/09)

Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens
British writer

"Every failure teaches man something he needed to learn".
Charles Dickens
He was born on 7 February 1812, Portsmouth, in a humble family.
Son of John Dickens, clerk of the billing of the Navy in the arsenal of the port of Portsmouth, and Elizabeth Barrow. He spent most of his childhood in London and Kent, places that appeared frequently in his works.
He began to attend school at the age of nine, but his studies were interrupted when his father, a small official who was imprisoned, in 1824 by defaulting on its debts. With eleven years, he had to get to work in the London company of Warren's boot-blacking factory, a shoe Polish factory, located near Charing Crossrailway station. This experience, which would later describe in his novel David Copperfield (1849-50), caused a feeling of humiliation and abandonment that accompanied him for the rest of his life. Between 1824 and 1826 he attended back to school, although most of his education was self-taught.
In 1827, he got a job as a legal Secretary and, after studying the craft for a short period of time, became journalist in the Parliament. At that time he met María Beadnell, but his family rejected him as a suitor so after four years of relations, were separated. By then he was already working as a reporter in a publication of his uncle, The Mirror of Parliament, and for the liberal newspaper The Morning Chronicle. In December 1833, published under the pseudonym Boz, the first of a series of original descriptions of the daily life of London in The Monthly Magazine, magazine edited by his friend George Hogarth. After that, an editor of the city commissioned a volume of new notes in this style, which were to accompany the illustrations of the famous artist George Cruikshank.
The success of this book, entitled the notes of Boz (1836), allowed him to marry Catherine Hogarth in the same year, and encouraged him to prepare a similar collaboration, this time with the artist Robert Seymour. When another artist, H. k. Browne, Seymour committed suicide, nicknamed Phiz, who would later make many illustrations of the latest works of Dickens, took his place. The result of this collaboration was posthumous Club Pickwick Papers (1836-1837) whose success cemented the reputation of the novelist, and significantly influenced the publishing of his country, because its innovative format, of a very inexpensive monthly, marked a line that followed other publishers. He edited the weekly Household News (1850-1859) and All the Year Round (1859-1870), he wrote two books of travel, American notes (1842) and Images of Italy (1846), administered charitable associations and fought for social reforms were carried out.
His most representative works include desolate House (1852-1853), the little Dorritt (1855-1857), great hopes (1860-1861) and our mutual friend (1864-1865). Other outstanding works are Oliver Twist (1837-1839), the antique shop (1840-1841), Barnaby Rudge (1841), Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1844), Dombey and son (1846-1848), hard times (1854), history of two cities (1859) and the mystery of Edwin Drood, which was incomplete.
In 1842, he gave seminars in the United States in favor of an international agreement on intellectual property and against slavery. In 1843 he published Christmas song, which quickly became a classic of child narrative. The incompatibility of characters and the author's relationship with the young actress Ellen Ternan, led to the dissolution of his marriage, in 1858, fruit of which were born ten children. In 1869, he presides over the Birmingham and Midland Institute. On June 9, 1865 he suffered the famous rail crash of Staplehurst, where the first seven cars of the train fell from a bridge that was being repaired. The only first class carriage that did not fall was in which Dickens was.
Charles Dickens died on June 9, 1870 in Gad's Hill Place, Higham, Kent, England, after suffering an stroke and was buried five days later in Westminster Abbey.

Biography of Georges Seurat - Georges Pierre Seurat

(1859/12/02 - 1891/03/29)

Georges-Pierre Seurat
French painter

He was born on December 2, 1859 in Paris.
In 1875 he entered the municipal drawing school. In 1878, he joined the school of fine arts in Paris, where he studied until 1879.
Training absolutely Classicist, contrary was to the blurred effect of paintings Impressionist, made with irregular brushstrokes, he used a technical scientific pointillism, in which solid shapes are constructed from the implementation of many small dots of pure color on a white background.
He was the founder of the theory of the divisiveness, which leverages the Impressionist tenets, debugging them and its scientific rigor. Many of his theories about the painting derived from the study of contemporary treaties of optics.
After being rejected by the París Salón, he joins forces with 'independent' of Paris painters. In 1884, along with other artists formed the Société des Artistes indépendants, in which established friendship with Paul Signac, with which he shared his vision about pointillism. In the same year 1884 he finished the bathers (London, National Gallery), scene where some young people bathe in the river Seine; It was the first of six large paintings that formed the greater part of his artistic work.
His masterpiece, a Sunday of summer in la Grande Jatte (1884-1886, Art Institute of Chicago), represents the walkers on Sunday of an island in the Seine. The models (1888, Barnes collection in Philadelphia), stop (1889, Stephen Clark collection, New York), the chahut (1889-1981, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, the Netherlands) and the circus (1890, Paris, Louvre Museum) are some of his greatest works.
Georges Seurat died in Paris on March 29, 1891 of diphtheria at the age of 31. He was cremated in Père Lachaise Cemetery.