Manual of gardening: 6 basic tasks | Garden care & Maintenance.

6 basic tasks of gardening

On this page you have a number of basic advice concerning 6 main tasks asked in gardening. Read them carefully, they are very practical.
1 plant
2 water
3 pay
4 remove weeds
5 prune
6 control pests and diseases

1 PLANT

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Plantation
You plantes not too tight, give them space the plants to develop good according to its size.
Dig large holes; remove all weeds as you can and mixing the soil with an organic fertilizer, for example, manure, mulch, compost, peat, etc. Instead of organic manure can use mineral fertilizer (chemical fertilizer), but only as an alternative, since it is preferable to the first at the time of planting.
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Staking
• In the case of trees, remember to nail and attach the copy to a firm guardian to keep it upright.

2 WATER

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• For watering plants is required much observation and learn from mistakes.
During the first year from the plantation do not neglect the irrigation because still the roots are shallow.
Water early in the morning or in the evening, not with the Sun at the top.
• Provides more water if the plant is in full sun, or if it is exposed to the winds.
• Do not get wet the flowers because they last less.
• Is always better to stay short to spend.

3 PAY

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Mineral and organic fertilizer
• Every year you must bring all your plants (trees, shrubs, roses, flowers, grass, etc.) some kind of payment.
• You can pay only based on organic fertilizers such as manure, mulch, compost, Vermicompost, manure, peat humus..., but it is best to use an organic fertilizer combined with a mineral fertilizer.
• The organic fertilizer is done in winter or fall, extending on the floor a layer of 2-3 cm (if guano, less); It is then lightly buried with the hoe. The month or once every two months (in winter, nothing), sprinkle a handful of granules of mineral fertilizers in the base of the plants, for example, Nitrophoska. If you are using the called slow-release fertilizers nutrients the released little by little, over 3 months or more, and is enough for an application in the spring and one in autumn rather than a little each month.
• Add to the Earth, or spray on the leaves, chelates of iron and other micronutrients in order to provide for iron deficiency and thus have more green leaves is recommended. This will be done once a month.
Lawn pay with 3 applications per year.

4 ELIMINATING BAD HERBS

• If you want to have a garden free of weeds, takes note of the following tips:
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You anti-weed mesh
• In clumps of bushes, rock gardens, cactus gardens, roads of gravel, etc., before planting, places an anti-weed mesh. On the mesh extends pine bark, Chinese or gravel, with colors to achieve an aesthetic finish.
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Pine bark
• Another option are the pads or mulching. It consists of coating the floor at the foot of the plants with bark of pine, gravel, straw, compost, peat, mulch, compost... Very effective so not to germinate seeds.
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Grass
Perennial grasses as grasses, sedge, Canota, field bindweed are difficult to eradicate because they regenerate again and again. If you start them by hand or hoe, bearing the perseverance, they will weaken and increasingly will be less without resorting to total herbicide glyphosate type.
Watering day before weeding so the ground is wet and thus remove weeds more easily.

5 PRUNE

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• Trees, shrubs, vines and roses they are pruned in winter, but throughout the year also can, and, do light interventions to eliminate undesirable elements such as:
-Dry, broken, diseased branches.
-Branches which hinder the passage of people.
-Branches that have grown much (pacifiers).
-Shoots that have been able to emerge from the same root.
-Flowers and fruits last.
-Branches that have been totally green variegated plants. If you do not, you will be losing the yellow or white variegated leaves.
Formal hedges require at least 2 cuts per year, but in milder climates, Mediterranean-style, will be required between 3 and 5 to keep them perfectly outlined.
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• The perennials and seasonal if they are spindly and little dense should be trimmed slightly the tips of shoots to cause lateral stems to develop and make a more compact and ramified mata. So they will give more quantity of flowers.
• Oregano, peppermint, lemon balm, lavender, thyme, Sage, Santolina... cut them after flowering to provoke a new healthy development; If not, will be Woody.

6 CONTROL PESTS AND DISEASES

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Aphids
• If you cultivate your plants correctly, with irrigation, subscriptions, sufficient light, etc., will be strong and vigorous and will be more resistant to attacks by pests and diseases.
Inspect blades often to discover the presence of parasites or any sign of disease. The sooner you discover them, the easier your control.
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Whiteflies
• Attention to pests most frequent such as the aphid, cochineal and the whitefly.
If the previous year, there has been strong attacks of any plague or fungus, it is logical to recur again, therefore you preventively treated with insecticides or fungicides.
Preventive action is the Roses once a month with fungicide to prevent fungi such as powdery mildew, downy mildew, black spot and rust.
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Geranium Butterfly
• The Butterfly of the geranium must combat it sprayed every 15 days; see symptom or not.
Capture hand beetles, caterpillars, worms, snails and slugs... these last night after a rain or watering.
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Ladybug
Use ladybugs to partially control the aphids. Collects all that you see (adults and larvae), put them in a box and distribute them by the attacked plants for aphids.
• Cuts and burns the leaves that have been attacked by fungi. 

Published for educational purposes