Definition of equity

From the latin aequĭtas, equity refers to a State of mind that wants to go beyond what is just legal. The concept is used to mention notions of justice and social equality in which individuality is valued. Equity represents a balance between natural justice and the spirit of the law. The tendency to judge impartially and to make use of reason is also a form of equity. This state of mind is designed to assign to each individual which it deserves.
Equity is intended to carry its effects in all fields of life, reason why it can oppose the Bill when it is lacking or is inadequate, or even unfair. In economic or financial matters, equity is the principle that leads to correct inequalities suffered by disadvantaged within a society, by means of the moderation of prices (we will retain, for example, fair trade) or even justice with regard to the provisions of the contracts.
For example: If a company is in a monopoly situation, it has the ability to set the price of its products in its own way (without having to worry about compared to the competition). On the other hand, the Government is obliged to establish the necessary conditions so that commercial activity takes place with fairness.
Close to the concept of equity, equality of opportunities is a vision of equality that seeks to ensure that individuals have "equal opportunities", same social development opportunities, regardless of their social or ethnic origin, their sex, their religious beliefs... It is mainly to foster populations that are the subject of discrimination in order to ensure a fair treatment, namely, greater training and great schools, access to hiring interviews, access to jobs... where the importance of equality of the sexes.