Definition of geographical map

From the latin charta (paper), a map is a graphical representation of a certain territory. In general, it is represented on a flat surface while in the case of Terrestrial globes she may have a spherical shape. The cards are made on a small scale and with metric properties to measure distances, surfaces and angles with very accurate results. The art of designing maps is known as mapping, which has its origin on strokes made on the Earth. Cartographers use techniques of simplification, with colors and symbols, to make the presentation clearer information.
Historians consider Tales de Mileto the author of the first map of the world on which the world appears as a disk floating on the water. FROM other hand, Aristotle was the first to have measured the angle of inclination relative Ecuador, a success which, throughout history, has borne fruit: the man deducted that the Earth is spherical, i.e., round.
A geographic map is one that represents the localizable geographical phenomena in space such as the rivers, the deserts, the mountains and plateaus. It's so different policy maps, which highlight the administrative entities or States created by man, either countries or cities.
There are also the so-called geopolitical maps, that collect geographic elements and policies. In the case of maps, they are limited to only show than the terminals and natural geographic accidents.
In genetics, a physical map is a sequence ordered genes and genetic markers on a chromosome, based on physical location. These maps depict the physical distances, indicated in base pairs.