Stalin - Iosif Stalin- Notable Biographies
(1879/12/21 - 1953/03/05)
Stalin
Iosif Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Iosiv Visarionovich Dzhugachvili
About 1910 adopted the nickname of Stalin, in Spanish, 'Steel'
Ethnic Georgian Soviet politician
He was born on December 21, 1879, in Gori (Georgia).The son of a Georgian peasants who didn't speak Russian, although he was forced to learn it when he attended the religious school of Gori (1888-1894). Her mother was interested in the education of the boy, trying to give a religious training made him enter in the Orthodox Seminary of Tiflis.
He studied theology and at that time read, among other works, Das Kapital (Capital) of Karl Marx. Expelled from the seminary in December of 1899 days before reaching 20 years of age. Enter the Party worker social democratic Russian in 1899 and was propagandist among workers of railways of Tbilisi. He used several pseudonyms: David, Nijeradze, Tchijikov Ivanovich, to adopt that of STALIN ("man of steel") that began to be used after the Bolshevik Conference in Tampere (Finland), where he met for the first time Lenin.
In 1902, he was arrested and spent more than one year in prison before being exiled to Siberia, where escaped in 1904. Seven more arrests suffered under the regime of the Tsar Nicholas II; the last in 1913 lasted until 1917. In 1904, he married Ekaterina Svanidze, who died in 1910. His second wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, which he married in 1919, committed suicide in 1932.
During the last years of the Tsarist regime (1905-1917) he supported the faction Bolshevik of the party. In 1907, he organized an I mugging to a Bank of Tbilisi for 'expropriation' sums of money. In 1912, Lenin appointed him Member of the Central Committee of the party. A year later, he published the newly created party, Pravda (truth) newspaper and writes his first work, Marxism and the national question.
After the revolution of March 1917 he returned to Petersburgo, where he resumed the publication of Pravda. Together with Lev Kamenev , they advocated a policy of moderation and cooperation with the interim Government. Lenin was elected The people's Commissioner for nationalities after the November revolution. Together with Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov and Trotsky Liev, advised Lenin during the first and difficult moments of the civil war that followed the Russian Revolution. He was commander on several fronts and the people's Commissioner for the Control of the State between 1919 and 1923.
He became general Secretary of the party in 1922. The differences then emerged with Lenin, which advised its cessation as Secretary-General, but it hid the document in his political testament. Death of Lenin and Stalin joins Grígori Zinóviev and Kamenev to govern the country. With the Alliance confronts his great rival primary candidate to succeed Lenin, Trotsky and whose theory of the Permanent Revolution contrasted with the opinion of the triumvirate who defended ' the construction of socialism in a country only '.
He defeated his rivals with a skillful manipulation and use of the organs of the party and the State, in 1929, had already consolidated its position as the acknowledged successor of Lenin. Before the decline of the agricultural productivity at the end of the Decade of 1920, it initiates a program of collectivization accelerated, directed against the kulaks (peasants owners) in 1929. Millions of kulaks were deported and thousands died during the implementation of this policy that was especially hard in regions such as Ukraine. The process of industrialization developed during the 1930s was much more successful.
Mid the Decade begins a campaign of political terror. Purges and deportations to labor camps affected a large part of the population of the USSR. Their ancient rivals, Zinoviev, Kamenev and Bukharin admitted during a series of mass trials, crimes against the State and were sentenced to death.
German troops invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 during the Second World War. He personally directed the war against the nazi Germany's Adolf Hitler and, following the Soviet victory at the battle of Stalingrad, became one of the world leaders. A million and a half of Soviet prisoners freed from nazi captivity at the end of World War II were sent by the Stalinist regime to the concentration camps in the USSR, sadly known as the Gulag. The figure was revealed by the head of the Presidential Commission for rehabilitation of victims of political repressions, the Academician Alexandr Yákovlev, in a statement on the occasion of the 56 anniversary of victory in World War II.
He participated in the conferences in Tehran (1943), Yalta (1945) and Potsdam (1945), which achieved international recognition, extended the Communist domination over most of the countries liberated by the Soviet army, which settled the so-called people's democracies.
Married with Rosa Kaganovich from 1934 to 1938. He was father of Svetlana Alliluyeva, Yákov Dzhugashvili and Vasili Dzhugashvili.
Stalin died on March 5, 1953 in Moscow. The official cause of death was a stroke caused by high blood pressure.
His embalmed body remained alongside the Lenin mausoleum this until on October 31, 1961, when it was removed during the stalinization campaign and buried outside the walls of the Kremlin, behind the mausoleum.