Definition of science

Knowledge is a whole of information acquired through experience or introspection. It can be organised on the structure of objectives and facts accessible to several observers, through a set of techniques and methods known as the science. The word derives from the latin scientia, which precisely means knowledge. Applying systematic such methods led to new objective knowledge (scientific), which take the form of concrete, quantitative and verifiable predictions. Predictions are likely to be structured in legislation or universal rules, which describe the operation of a system and planning how they will act under certain circumstances.
The science may be divided in basic science and applied science (when scientific knowledge is applied to the needs of humanity). In addition, there are other classifications of the sciences, such as those that suggested the German philosopher Rudolf Carnap, which divided them into formal sciences (they have no concrete content, as is the case of logic and mathematics), natural sciences (their object of study is the nature. Example: biology, chemistry, geology) and Humanities (they deal with certain aspects of culture and society, such as history, economics, and psychology).
Although each science has its own method of research, scientific methods must comply with several requirements, such as reproducibility (the ability to repeat an experience in a given place and any person) and Falsifiability (the fact that a theory can be put to tests the annoying).
Typical approaches to the scientific process are the observation (for a sample), the detailed description, induction (when the implicit general principle of observed results is extracted), hypothesis (which explains the results and its cause-effect relationship), experimentation controlled (to test the hypothesis), the proof or refutation of the hypothesis, then the universal comparison (to contrast the hypothesis to reality).