At the end of the Spanish monarchy
17 may 1886 28 February 1941 Alfonso de Bourbon was born in Madrid on 17 may 1886, third son of the King of Spain Alfonso XII and Maria Christina of Austria (Maria Christina of Austria-Teschen). When it comes to the world the throne is vacant for about six months for the death of the sovereign and is held temporarily by Maria Cristina; the baby is then crowned the rightful heir, and his mother continues in the Regency until his adulthood. During this period he consumes the disastrous Spanish-American war of 1898, following which the Spain loses the colonies of Cuba and the Philippines. Just 16 years old, on May 17, 1902 assumes fully the sovereignty of Spain, found himself ruling over a Country torn apart by internecine wars between Catalan and Basque separatist parties and struggles: he tries to steer and manage the delicate and jarring transition from an absolutist regime to a modern industrial society. But the company did not succeed because they don't understand that the nascent labor movement should not be opposed-for more by force--but accepted and followed. On May 31, 1906 bride Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg, nephew of the Queen of England and, in returning to the Royal Palace by the religious ceremony, the couple is the object of an attack which anarchist scampa fortuitously. Alfonso had already suffered a first attack the previous year and a third will suffer in 1913: all carry the Republican array or anarchist. Meanwhile, always at the hands of terrorism, killed the Prime Minister in 1912, and Gave in Canalejas, 1920. It looks good from the siding at the outbreak of World War I, but the mess inside Moroccan war of 1921 season sparks. The feeling of being on the verge of losing control of the situation leads to the pitch of the Marquis Alfonso to promote, and gallant officer, Miguel Primo de Rivera who, in September 1923, establishes a dictatorship. Three years after failing to quell the rebellion of Rif, in Morocco, together with France. But in 1929 the internal situation Re: intellectuals, workers and industrial Spanish suit seek common front against Primo de Rivera who, with the military conspiracy of valence of 1929, lies against the King himself and decides to leave the scene. The loss of the dictatorship in Spain again throws turbulence of fights between the more radical parties. The elections of April 12, 1931 enshrine the end of the monarchy: the July 14 is proclaimed a Republic and the King is forced to leave Spain, declaring that his departure is not a renunciation of the throne nor an abdication, but a simple transmission of power. The Assembly of the new Republic, however, declares it decayed and he spends the years following from private and peaceful citizen between England and Rome. Alfonso XIII of Spain dies in Rome on February 28, 1941, at the age of 57 years, but have never gone near Spain.