Current tensions
22 January 1775 10 June 1836 physicist, mathematician, chemist and philosopher, Ampere made important studies in the fields of mathematics and probability, geometry and the calculus of variations, and is the author of fundamental theories in the field of electrodynamics. From the list of interests you can see which human ingenuity is concealed behind the appearances and versatile shy and introverted official biographies that they delivered. In fact, while enjoying definitely a complex and contradictory character, it was a self-taught punish yourself and iron discipline. Born on 22 January 1775 in Polémieux-au-Mont-d'Or (Lyon), from a middle class family and very religious, as a young boy falls victim to merciless jokes for his awkwardness, due to following a severe injury time before arm. His inclinations of character, then, take him through moments of unbridled optimism alongside others of dark despair. His father, involved in the French revolutionary movement is executed from the restoration. This tragic event only brings negative impact on his character already tried, as you can imagine. Even her marriage, which took place in 1797, him only grief. Despite these vicissitudes family, André shows actually have, as mentioned above, a great ability to concentrate and work, devoting himself to philosophy, literature, poetry, music, natural sciences and, especially, to mathematics, matter for which had undoubtedly superior attitudes. Suffice it to say that only thirteen years he composed just like Pascal, a treatise on Conic sections. In 1801 he was appointed Professor of Physics in Bourg and only 1802, with surprising speed, makes up its game, mathematical theory considerations ingenious application of the calculus of probability. The work earned him a professorship at the College of Lyon and, later, in 1805, a place of "Repeater" of mathematical analysis at the Polytechnic School. Since then, he settled permanently in Paris, where he began his career in higher education. His work and his studies led him after the invention of the first galvanometer, the first electric telegraph and, with scientist Arago, the electromagnet. Among his inventions is also compulsorily mention the "amp Scale" which served to study thoroughly the forces that are exerted between two conductors carrying current from and so they depend on the distance of the wires, their relative positions and intensity of current. Between 1820 and 1827, he devoted himself to electricity and magnetism: his studies focus primarily on the reciprocal actions of electric currents, so that Amp is considered as the founder of electrodynamics, term, inter alia, coined by him. Amp's theories, however, they encounter the skepticism of some scientists of his time: only 30 years later will be fully recognized by scholars as w. Thomson and Lord Kelvin. These discoveries are on display in the famous memory of 1826: "The mathematical theory of electrodynamic phenomena, uniquely deduced from experience." Amp here supports the Reducibility of magnetic phenomena in electrical phenomena, refuting the theory of "eddies" from Oersted, and trying to consider how a subject having an electrodynamics empirical content easily controllable and, at the same time, amenable to an evolved mathematization. The theory was later developed and improved by the Polish mathematician h. Grassmann and W.E. Weber; the great J.C. Maxwell, instead, will define Amp as the "Newton of electricity". At the end of its existence, the strenuous efforts of his studies, he adds, for economic needs (financial difficulties were unfortunately his whole life), many administrative and teaching positions, which wear out deeply his already weak physically. One of the most brilliant scientists of that time, he died on 10 June 1836, at sixty-one years, in Marseille where he's holding the Office of examiner at the University, for a lung infection. In his honor is called ampere (A) the unit of measurement of electric current.