Ernest Hemingway- Notable Biographies

(1899/07/21 - 1961/07/02)

Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Miller Hemingway
American writer

He was born on July 21, 1899 in the suburb of Oak Park, Chicago, Illinois.
The second son of the marriage of Grace Hall was singer , and Professor of music, and Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, a doctor liked that the hunting and fishing. His mother was ambitious and independent, and his severe, deeply religious father.
His father is he committed suicide in 1928 due to an incurable disease. It was not a very happy childhood, remains traumatized by an authoritarian mother wearing it girl and, later, because of a painful experience to be forced to accompany father (gynecologist) in the difficult birth of an Indian woman whose husband committed suicide by not withstand the screams of his wife.
First his mother wanted that Ernest was musician and forced him to play the cello. It devoted to sport - highlighting in football and boxing - and hunting. His mother then wanted to study for a doctor, but to finish his media studies in 1917, he resigned to enter the University and got a job at Rotary Kansas City Star. He traveled for different countries in Europe and Africa. When his country decided to intervene in the First world war he wanted to enlist in the army but prevented him an old wound in the eye. He entered the Red Cross and became an ambulance driver on the Italian front where injured gravity before reaching age 19. He was awarded two medals: the "Medaglia dArgento to the Valore Militare" and the "Croce di Guerra". In his performances in the front showed always great value and stood out in the places of greatest danger.
Returning to the United States after the war, he married Hadley Richardson and returned to journalismas a correspondent for the Toronto Star. His wife lost a suitcase at a train station in 1922 with almost all of the written work that Hemingway had completed up to that time. He had to start almost from scratch. The Hearstnewspaper chain, it was named correspondent in Europe. In 1927 he returned to the United States, where he married Pauline Pfeiffer remarried and in 1930 bought his house in Key West (Florida), which since then would be his place of work, fishing and relaxation.
In 1929 first Spain visit and had her first date with the San Fermin Festival in Pamplona. He returned in 1937 during the Civil War as a war correspondent and opts for the side Republican, he defends in articles and novels. In Spain he met Martha Gellhorn, the magazine Collier's correspondent and author of short stories and fell in love with her. In November 1940 he divorced his second wife and married Martha. The couple split in honeymoon trip to China where both acted as war correspondents. Later he is reporter of the United States first army . In 1944 he witnessed, as correspondent of the D-day: the landing Allied on the French beaches. He came to Paris with the liberating troops. After the war, he settled in Cuba, near Havana, and in 1958 in Ketchum, Idaho. Ernest Hemingway first came to Cuba in April 1928 in steam Orita, when the ship taking him from Europe to Key West (Fla.) made a brief stop. Rejoiced it that place so much that he was on the island intermittently between 1932 and 1960.
He was one of the most important writers between the two world wars. The first work that signature is dated in 1923 and was published in the magazine Poetry. A year later, is a volume of short stories titled in our time (1924, men without women (1927), book that included 'the killers' tale and that wins is not nothing (1933), book of stories which describe the misfortunes of Europeans.)
The novel which gave him fame, Fiesta (1926), tells the story of a group of Americans and British who wander aimlessly by France and Spain, members of the so-called lost generation of the aftermath of the First world war. In 1929 he published his second major novel, a farewell to arms. Death in the afternoon (1932), articles about bullfights, and the green hills of Africa (1935), writings on hunting morefollowed. Both his novel you have and have not (1937) as his play, the fifth column, published in the fifth column and the first fifty-nine stories (1938), harshly condemned the political and economic injustices. Two of his best short stories, 'happy Francis Macomber life' and 'the snows of Kilimanjaro', are part of this last book.
In the novel for whom the bell tolls (1940), based on his experience during the Spanish Civil War, seeks to demonstrate that the loss of freedom in any part of the world is a sign that freedom is in danger everywhere. By the number of copies sold, this novel was his most successful work. Over the next decade, its unique literary works were men in war (1942), which he edited, and on the other side of the river and among the trees (1950) novel. In 1952 he published the old man and the sea, a short novel about an old Cuban fisherman, which won the Pulitzer Prize for literature in 1953.
In 1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. Complete poems (1960) was his last work published in life. The books that were published posthumously include a moveable feast (1964), an account of his early years in Paris and Spain, Special Envoy (1967), which brings together articles and press reports, first articles (1970), the novel of the sea Islands in the Gulf (1970) and the unfinished the garden of Eden (1986). He left unpublished 3,000 pages of manuscripts.
In London, he met Mary Welsh, correspondent of the journal Times. Back to Havana he divorced Martha Gellhorn and married her. The writer left Cuba and settled with Mary in her new house in Ketchum, Idaho, United States.
In the Decade of 1940, Hemingway worked for the Soviet KGB under the name of "Argo" according to notes in your files of intelligence of Vassiliev, a former KGB officer, which you could access in the years 90.segun these, he was recruited in 1941 before making a trip to China and "expressed on several occasions its desire and willingness to help us" when he met with Soviet agents in Havana and London in the 1940s. However, he was unable to give any political information and was never verified practical work.
He was on the verge of death in the Spanish Civil War, when exploded bombs in his hotel room; in World War II when colliding with a taxi during the blackouts of war, and in 1954, when when Safari crashed in Africa in two successive air accidents that left him pain and ill health for the rest of his life. Survived anthrax, malaria, pneumonia, dysentery, cancer of skin, hepatitis, anemia, diabetes, high blood pressure, a damaged kidney, rupture of the spleen, liver damage, a crushed vertebra, a skull fracture, wounds from shrapnel from mortar, three car crashes and burns in wildfire.
By then I was already suffering mental problems, and had to be hospitalized twice because of depressive processes, that finally could not overpower, committing suicide from a shot gun at his residence in Ketchum on July 2, 1961. Only five days earlier that he had been discharged, in may of Rochester, Minn., clinic where she had been undergoing treatment.