What is the Meaning & Definition of neuron

The neuron is a cell type belonging to the central nervous system whose distinguishing feature is the excitability which presents its plasma membrane, which will not only enable the reception of stimuli but also the conduction of the nerve impulse between own neurons, or alternatively, with other types of cells, such as muscle fibers of the endplate.
It is composed by a so-called Dendrite reception area and other emission called Neurite or axon. So these morphological characteristics are that will sustain its functions.
They are cells that have a huge capacity to communicate with precision, speed, and even through long distances with other neurons or other cells, whether nerve, glandular or muscle, as mentioned, being responsible for transmitting electrical signals called nerve impulses in order to realize such inter cellular communication. Nerve impulses through the entire nerve cell, starting the trip by the dendrite to reach buttons terminals that are in final accounts will make the connection with other neurons, muscle fibers or glands, as appropriate.
Meanwhile, the mentioned connection will be called synapses and is this contact when takes place the transmission of the nervous impulse indeed; open it with a chemical discharge that generates electricity in the station cell membrane, once the impulse reaches the end of the axon, the neuron segregará a protein (neurotransmitters, enforcement inhibit or excite the action of another neuron) that is deposited in the synaptic space, which is intermediate between the transmitting neuron and the receiving.
The three components of the nervous system, sensitive, inclusive and motor, are shaped and interconnected by neurons. Thus, a stimulus that is captured in a sensory region delivered information that will be transported through the neurons and analyzed by the element Integrator, who will also develop a response to the same desired and the signal will be conducted through the neurons. The above answer is always executed through action, motor type, such as muscle contraction and glandular secretion.
Neurons are highly differentiated cells, therefore, fail to divide once reached maturity, a small portion, which forms a minority, manage to make it.
The number of neurons in the brain depends on the type of species concerned, for example, the human brain has about a hundred thousand million, a worm 302 and 300 thousand fruit fly.