Biography of Jean Piaget… Justin Bieber… Steven Jobs - Steve Jobs… Venustiano Carranza…

Biography of Jean Piaget

(1896/08/09 - 1980/09/16)

Jean Piaget
Psychologist and Swiss logical

He was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchâtel (Switzerland). Eldest son of Arthur Piaget, Professor of medieval literature and Rebecca Jackson.
He wrote and published his first scientific work when he was only ten years old. His interest in mollusks was developed after adolescence. Before finishing his secondary studies Piaget will be a malacologist popularity. He studied at the University of Neuchâtel, where he obtained his doctorate in biology. Subsequently it is interested in psychology, which developed their research first in Zurich and later at the Sorbonne, Paris, where he started studies on the development of cognitive abilities.
In 1921, Édouard Claparède and Pierre Bovet, offer at the Jean-Jacques Rousseau Institute of the University of Geneva as Chief of practical work.
In 1923 he married Valentine Châtenay who will have three children that will allow you to study the development of intelligence from birth until the emergence of language. He distinguished four stages in a child's intellectual development. In the stadium sensorimotor - from birth to two years-, child deals with purchasing motor control and know the objects in the physical world, but still does not form symbols of these objects. Later, during the preoperational, two to seven years, child deals with verbal skills and begins to develop symbols of objects we can already name, but in their reasoning ignores the rigor of logical operations. Afterwards, will be in the stage of concrete operations, of the seven to twelve years, when the child is capable of handling abstract concepts such as numbers and relationships. Of the twelve to fifteen years (ages which can be preempted by the influence of schooling), develops the stage operational formal, if it reaches this stage, because according to Piaget, not everyone reaches this level, and will operate logically and systematically with abstract symbols, without a direct correlation with the objects in the physical world.
He was successively Professor of Psychology, sociologyand philosophy of science at the University of Neuchâtel (1925-1929), Professor of the history of scientific thought at the University of Geneva from 1929 to 1939, director of the International Bureau of education from 1929 to 1967, Professor of Psychology and sociology at the University of Lausanne from 1938 to 1951, Professor of sociology at the University of Geneva from 1939 to 1952 and then from 1940 to 1971 experimental psychology. In 1955, he served as director of the International Center of epistemology at the University of Geneva, and some time later co-director of the International Bureau of education.
Among his many writings are: thought and language of the child (1926), judgement and reasoning in the child (1928), the birth of intelligence in the child (1954), six studies of Psychology (1964) and psychology and pedagogy (1970).
Jean Piaget passed away on September 16, 1980 in Geneva.

Biography of Justin Bieber

(1994/03/01 - Unknown)

Justin Bieber
Justin Drew Bieber Mallette
Canadian singer

He was born on March 1, 1994 in the St. Joseph's Hospital, in London, Ontario, Canada.
Only son of Jeremy Jack Bieber, a practitioner of martial arts, and Patricia Mallette Carpenter. His parents never married. By father has two younger half-siblings, Jasmyn (born 2009) and Jaxon (born 2010). The first word of said was "Momma".
His mother raised him with the help of his grandmother Diane, and her stepfather, Bruce. His mother was employed in low-paying jobs. Bieber maintained contact with his father. He grew up in the city of Stratford, Ontario. From a child felt interest in the world of music, learning to play the piano, drums, guitar and trumpet as an autodidact.
When Justin was twelve arose to a singing competition in Stratford, being in second place. His mother rose to YouTube the video of the performance for their families, and was progressively adding more videos of interpretations of his son. Two years after his first video, it had 90,000 subscribers in its channel. Coincidentally an executive named Scooter Braun, saw one of her videos of 2007 on the Internet while searching for videos of another musical artist. He got in touch with Justin and together they traveled to Atlanta, Georgia. There they met the composer and singer of R & B, Usher. Justin sang for him and Usher got him an audition for Island Records, record company that hired him in October 2008.
In July 2009 was launched "One Time", the first single from Bieber. The single achieved the twelfth position in the Canadian Hot 100 charts in the first week and then reached the 17th location in the Billboard Hot 100list. November 17, 2009 his first album, "My World" was released, debuting at number six in the Billboard 200. "My World" has been album of platinum in the United States and double platinum in Canada and United Kingdom. First thing he did with his first million dollar livestock was to buy a House for his mother. With 16 years Justin Bieber had already earned $ 100 million.
December 13, 2009 participated along with other artists in the celebration Christmas in Washington, in the White House, performing "Someday at Christmas" by Stevie Wonder. He has performed twice for President Obama - and daughters - and their concerts have full total. His biggest success has done it with the single "Baby", included in "My World 2.0". The song quickly sneaked into fifth place in the list of simple more heard in the United States. September 12, 2010 he was awarded at the MTV Video Music Awards as the best new artist. In the summer of 2010 he made his first tour, My World Tour. Although pleads Christian, Bieber prays Jewish prayer Shema Yisrael before each show. On November 1, 2011 released their second album entitled "Under the Mistletoe" and begins the recording of their third Studio "Believe" album. He was the youngest singer with five albums in the number 1 in the United States.
The singer participated in a chapter of the CSI television series premiered on September 23, 2010. February 17, 2011 he returned to appear in the same television series. On February 11, 2011 premiered the documentary "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never". He quickly managed to position itself in the top of the box office American after raising approximately $12.4 million the day of its premiere. The magazine Forbes placed him as the third most influential celebrity in the world in 2011, after Lady Gaga and Oprah Winfrey.
On October 25, 2015, Justin Bieber is crowned as the winner at the MTV Europe Music Awards, which were held at the Mediolanum Forum in Milan, Italy. In addition to receiving a statuette in the category of best Look, the last award to be handed over during the event, the Canadian received the awards for best collaboration for "Where Are Ü Now", with Skrillex and Diplo, best North America global Act, best male Act and older Fans.
On November 12, 2015, announced the dates for their tour Purpose World Tour, following the release of their album Purpose. It begins in Seattle of March 9, 2016, and culminates in the Madison Square Garden, New York, on July 18, 2016.
Resident in the United States with an O-1 visa; He said that he is not interested in obtaining US citizenship.
Bieber began dating actress and singer Selena Gómez in December 2010. Bieber and Gomez ended their relationship in January 2013.

Biography of Steven Jobs - Steve Jobs

(1955/02/24 - 2011/10/05)

Steven Jobs
Founder of the Apple

Was born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California.
The son of a couple of Syrian students , which delivered it in adoption. Baby care Paul and Clara Jobs, a marriage of Armenian originare made. His biological parents would have another daughter, the writer Mona Simpson, that Steve would not know to be an adult.
He studied at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Steven Wozniak friend since high school. Both had interest in electronics. Continued contact after graduation and the two came to work for companies in Sillicon Valley. (Woz for Hewlett Packard, Jobs for Atari).
Wozniak had been working on the design of a computer when in 1976 designed what would become the Apple I. Jobs, insisted the sale of the machine and on April 1, 1976 is the date of Foundation of Apple Computer. Those interested in the computer showed no interest in the Apple I and the company did not begin to grow until 1977, when Apple II appeared in a local exhibition of computers.
Apple II was a machine that drew attention because it was the first personal computer that came with a plastic shell and included graphics in color. After its release the purchase orders for Apple machines multiplied several times and, in early 1978, sales grew even more with the introduction of the Apple Disk II, the diskettera more economical and easy to use (for the time). However, the growth in sales resulted in an increase in the size of the company and, when Apple III was launched in 1980, the company had several thousand employees and began to sell their products abroad. The company must hire mid-level senior managers and even more importantly, incorporated new investors, who took their seats in the Board of Directors. Older and more conservative, the new directors were responsible for turning Apple into a "real company".
Jobs and several engineers began to develop the Lisa, which redefiniría personal computing. Jobs left everything in charge of Mikke Markkula, Apple's Chairman, and one of the largest shareholders. Jobs, who had only 11% of Apple, decided to develop a personal project, and began working on the Macintosh, the first personal computer that was successfully marketed using a graphic user interface (GUI) and a mouse instead of the command line and it was on sale for $500. On January 22, 1984, Apple launched its commercial name of 60 seconds by introducing the Macintosh. It was directed by Ridley Scott.
Initially, the Mac sold very well, but at Christmas 1984, did not buy his little RAM and lack of connectivity with the hard drives. What brought to Apple in the deep hole in which was, was the introduction of the LaserWriter, the first laser of low-cost Mac printer, and Pagemaker, one of the first programs of desktop publishing that went on the market. These two new elements altogether, made to the Mac ideal for an inexpensive publication, and the Mac was once again a success.
After having problems with the Board of Directors sold all of its shares, staying only one. In 1997 he returned to the company as CEO, the company was in serious financial difficulties. Soon Apple became the company with the largest capitalization in the world. He directed it until August 24, 2011.
During the 1990s transformed a company acquired to Lucasfilm in Pixar, that would revolutionize the industry of animation with the release of Toy Story. The integration of this company in Disney, which was the provider, would make Jobs the largest individual shareholder of the entertainment giant. In his second stint at Apple approved the launch of the iPod in 2001, and in 2003, the online iTunesmusic store, which sold more than 10,000 million songs in seven years.
She got married in 1991 with Laurene Powell, whom she met at Stanford University, and with whom he had three children. In addition, in his youth was the father of another girl named Lisa, from his relationship with Arlenne Brennan.
In 2004 it was tried to a strange type of pancreatic cancer and in 2009 announced that he suffered from a hormone imbalance and was transplanted the liver, which took him a few months the company section.
Steve Jobs, one of the founders of Apple and essential figure to understand the evolution of technology in the past decades, passed away October 5, 2011 at age 56 in Palo Alto (California), accompanied by his wife and other family members.

Biography of Venustiano Carranza

(1859-12-29 - 05-1920-21)

Venustiano Carranza
Mexican politician

He was born on December 29, 1859 in Four marshes (Coahuila).
Son of Colonel Jesús Carranza and María of Jesús Garza.
He studied at the colegio Ateneo source of Saltillo and high school studying it in the City of Mexico.
In 1882, Venustiano Carranza, married Virginia Salinas Balmaceda, with whom he had three children: Leopoldo Carranza Salinas who died at 4 years of age; Virginia Carranza Salinas and Julia Carranza Salinas. After the death of his wife remarried with Ernestina Hernández, with whom he had four children: Jesús Carranza Hernández, Venustiano Carranza Hernández, Emilio Carranza Hernández and Rafael Carranza Hernández.
Joined Francisco i. Madero in 1911, at the end of that year was Governor of his home State, and following the murder of Madero made the Plan of Guadalupe in 1913 and led the Constitutionalist forces that in 1914 won the General Victoriano Huerta. He was interim head of the new Government. It was faced with Emiliano Zapata and Francisco (Pancho) Villa, which supported the Convention of Aguascalientes, forcing its resignation and managed to expel him from the city of Mexico.
After the battle of Celaya, he got popular support when he promised social and agrarian reform programmes. Two years later, and once approved the new Constitution of 1917, he was elected President of Mexico.
Various conflicts with foreign investors, by its attempts to limit foreign private property and nationalized ownership of oil deposits and mines took place during his regime. Due to the presidential succession in 1920 faced generals Plutarco Elías Calles and Álvaro Obregón, pressed was forced to escape.
In the early morning of May 21, 1920 in Tlaxcalantongo, Puebla State, soldiers of general Rodolfo Herrero murdered you the cry of "die Carranza" "Viva Obregon".