Biography of Paul Bocuse… Lev Vladimirsky Tolstoy… Madonna - Louise Veronica Ciccone… Anton Pavlovich Chekhov…

Biography of Paul Bocuse

(1926/02/11 - Unknown)

Paul Bocuse
French chef

He was born on February 11, 1926 in Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or, in the bosom of one of a family of chefs, since 1700 they have passed from father to son profession and have maintained his restaurant in Lyon, France.
Father of that movement called nouvelle cuisine that she met thousands of imitators, his learning done in principle together with the chef Claude Maret Soierie, Lyon restaurant. Learn how there to buy, raise, harvest, and sacrifice animals used in your kitchen. In 1944 was a soldier at the Première Division française. In the year 1945 participated in the Victorious March in Paris. Continuous learning at the Col de Lúere with Mère Braizerrestaurant. During the 1950s, finished his apprenticeship under the tutelage of the great Chef Fernand Point.
In a short time was recognized his style of cooking that was based on vegetables lightly cooked, avoiding the use of dressings and sauces low in fat in simple presentation. In 1961, won its first Michelin star and "Meilleur Ouvrier de France", this year, he devoted himself to improve his family restaurant and get the second Michelin star. In 1965 he received his third star, and maintains the objective of recovering the rights on the family name (BOCUSE) that his grandfather sold in 1921. When he succeeds, he baptized his Auberge de Collognes simply as PAUL BOCUSE restaurant.
From that time dates his fame as the creator of the nouvelle cuisine, which denied vehemently. This, he said, means "nothing at the plate, all in the mind". He announced the extinction of what was a fashionable, eroded by exaggerations of all kinds. In 1975 the then President of France, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, decorated him with the "Legion d'honneur" Medal, and for the occasion I think its famous truffes soupe aux, truffled soup. In 1979, is engaged in the development and manufacture of wines, champagne, tea, jams and jellies, which are distributed worldwide. In 1982, representing France and establishes a restaurant at Epcot Center, Orlando, United States.
His books include La cuisine du marché 1976. In 1987, he was decorated by Jacques Chirac with the Medal "Officier of the Légion d'honneur and in that same year he was honored with the visit of the French President." In this same year, creates the global contest of chefs: BOCUSE D¨OR being this one of the biggest trophies that can get a cook. In 1989, is chosen by "GAULT & MILLAU" as the CHEF of the century and its restaurant as: "THE FIRST RESTAURANT IN THE WORLD". In 1990 he was appointed Chairman of the school of culinary arts in Lyon France, "ECULLY". On March 30, 2010 Paul Bocuse was named Chef of the century by the Culinary Institute of America, the cooking school more important in the United States.
The restaurant "PAUL BOCUSE" was considered to be one of the best in the world. Took it personally with his wife Raymonde, with whom he had his daughter, Françoise - with a second woman took her son, Jerome, who is also a chef and carries the surname Bocuse. The restaurant is situated on the banks of the Saône River, five kilometres to the North of Lyon.

Biography of Leon Tolstoi

(1828/09/09 - 1910/11/20)

Lev Vladimirsky Tolstoy
Leo Tolstoy
Russian writer

"The secret of happiness is not always do what you want but always wanting what is made"
Leo Tolstoy
He was born September 9, 1828 in the family property of Yasnaya Polyana (South of Moscow).
Son of count Nokolai Ilich landowner, and María Nikolaievna, Princess Volkonskaia.
His early childhood was spent in Yásnaia Poliana. In 1830 his father died and when he was nine years old, her mother died. The Tolstoi brothers were entrusted to the guardianship of two paternal aunts and in 1841 he went to live with one of them in the city of Kazan.
He received education from French and German tutors and at 16 he enters the Kazan University, where she studied languages and laws.
In 1851 he joined the army and comes into contact with the Cossacks, who were to become the protagonists of one of his best short novels, the Cossacks (1863). As a military, he participated against the Tatars guerrillas on the edge of the Caucasus and in the Crimean War, in 1853.
Since his youth he strove to make a practical contribution to public instruction. the idea that inspired his first book "the four epochs of development" is deeply symbolic. In this work was proposed to describe the process of formation of the character of the man, from the early years, when it begins the spiritual life, up to the youth, when that life has acquired its final form. He concluded an autobiographical work, childhood in 1852, followed by two others, adolescence (1854) and youth (1856).
Then appears Sebastopol (1855-1856), three stories based in the Crimea. He moved to San Petersgburgo in 1856. Make trips abroad (in 1857 and 1861), visiting German and French schools and, later, in Yásnaia Poliana creates to his peasants schools and workplaces.
In 1862, he married Sophia Andreievna Bers, Member of a cultured family in Moscow. Over the next fifteen years formed a large family (he had fifteen children).
He wrote her two major novels, war and peace (1865-1869) and Anna Karenina (1875-1877). War and peace is an altarpiece of Russian life during the wars of Napoleon, being his masterpiece. Ana Karenina is a novel by customs of the Russian society whose moralizing purpose does not prevail over its artistic value.
Around 1877 he converted to Christianity. Confession (1882), of carrying an empty and self-indulgent existence are blamed and embarks on a long search for moral and social values. Writes trials master and servant (1894). In what is art? (1898), carries out a sentence of almost all forms of art, and advocated an art inspired by morality, in which the artist convey feelings and religious conscience of the people. Write uplifting character tales, collected in the volume stories for the people (1884-1885) and works aimed at educated readers, which allow greater space to develop his powerful inventiveness. The best known of these works is "the death of Ivan Ilyich" (1886).
The story the Kreutzer sonata (1889) is the sex education and marriage; the theatrical power and darkness (1888) is a tragedy, and his latest novel resurrection (1899), is the story of a hitherto lacking in scruples noble moral regeneration. His works have left an indelible mark in the history of literature: the depth of his human intuitions and psychological precision in the description of his characters erected it in one of the most fertile and most fascinating literature of all time moral thinkers.
With 82 years, tormented by the disparity between their moral criteria and its material, and wealth by disputes with his wife, who was opposed to dispose of their possessions, Tolstoi, accompanied by his doctor and the youngest of his daughters, left home secretly in the middle of the night. Three days later, he fell ill with pneumonia and died on November 20, 1910, at a train station at Astapovo (today Lev Tolstói), province of Lipetsk. He was buried without any religious ceremony on a small hill near Yásnaia Poliana, on November 22, 1910. In 2001, a great-grandson of Tolstoy the Russian Orthodox Church requested the revocation of the excommunication pronounced against the Russian writer. He was excommunicated in 1901 by the vision of Christianity that gave his works.

Biography of Madonna - Louise Veronica Ciccone

(1958/08/16 - Unknown)

Madonna
Louise Veronica Ciccone
Singer and actress

He was born on August 16, 1958 in Bay City, Michigan.

Eldest daughter of Silvio Anthony Ciccone and Madonna Louise Fortin, immigrants from Pacentro, Italy, her mother was of French Canadian descent. His father worked as an engineer at Chrysler and General Motors. Two older brothers, Anthony (born in 1956) and Martin (born in 1957), and three younger brothers, Paula (born in 1959), Christopher (born in 1960), and Melanie (born in 1962) has. Receive confirmation in 1966, he adopted the name of Veronica. Was raised in Pontiac and Avon Township (now Rochester Hills) suburbs of Detroit. When he was six years old his mother died of breast cancer. In 1966, his father married Joan Gustafson family nanny, and they had two children: Jennifer (born in 1967) and Mario (born in 1968).
He attended the St. Frederick's; the St Andrew's Catholic Elementary Schools, and the West Middle School. It was recognized as a good student and for his unconventional behavior. She used to perform cartwheels, make the pine through the halls and up skirt so the boys could see her underwear. Madonna later attended Rochester Adams High School where he became a member of the Cheerleading Squad. After graduating, he received a dance scholarship to the school of music, theatre and dance at the University of Michigan. He convinced his father to allow him take ballet classes and was persuaded by her ballet teacher, Christopher Flynn, to allow him to pursue a career in dance. In 1978, he left the University and moved to New York City, where she worked as a waitress.
He started in the world of music in the 1970s and is a songwriter, singer and producer. His career as a musician has gone through different phases full of ups and downs. He has been essentially dedicated to the disco, pop, dance and electronic. He moved to New York where he studied and danced with Alvin Ailey and Pearl Lang, also acted in some erotic movies. He worked as a photographic model and soon creates his own band with a friend: 'The Breakfast Club', in which plays the guitar and the drums. It passes through several groups and it continually changing representative, edit their first single, 'Everybody' in 1983, which begins its road to fame.
Their albums (1983) Madonna and like a Virgin (1984) sold millions of copies. Their third album, 'True Blue' is published in 1986 is a real blockbuster. In 1989 he launched 'Like a prayer', which broke all sales records. He worked on Broadway with a play entitled 'Speed the Plow', with notable success. Along with Sean Penn (who he married on August 16, 1985) he stars in a new film, 'Shanghai Surprise', resulting in a failure. In 1988 he published 'Who's that girl'and then'You can dance'. It began a new tour with great success. Recognized worldwide by the provocation that have aroused their video clips and shows as well as the versatility of his shows.
In 1990, starred in the film 'Dick Tracy', along with Warren Beatty, with whom she had an affair, also publishes the soundtrack of 'Dick Tracy'. In 1992 is put on sale 'Erotica' and in 1994 'Bedtime Stories', which takes a turn to his career as well as a great success of sales. In 1996 he starred in 'Evita', alongside Antonio Banderas, which achieved the Golden Globe for best actress. Edit the disc with the soundtrack of the film and her daughter was born Lourdes María Ciccone, from his relationship with the Cuban Carlos Leon in October of the same year. "Ray of Light" appears in 1998 and the 2000 "Music "".
His performances in the film, with the exception of "desperately seeking Susan" (1985) and avoids (1996), have not achieved great notoriety. Besides Lourdes Maria had another child born on 11 August 2000, Rocco Ritchie, son of the film director Guy Ritchie, who married in December 2000. In the year 2002, its emergence by cinema screens was a bump at the United States box office. 'Swept Away', the film's high budget who starred in and directed her husband, Guy Ritchie, did not please the public. Produced by the own Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzai, early in 2003 it was released on the album 'American Life', which once more became embroiled in the controversy. A few days before the release of the first single, it withdrew the video war and critical content with us.
'American Life' is the title of their next album, which as usual in the career of Madonna, goes on sale in a special limited edition luxury format, with embroidered leather cover and other extras. In 2003 appeared his second book for children. After the lack of success of 'English roses', Madonna returned with 'Mr Peabody's apples'. In November 2003 it launchedRemixed and Revisited', an EP with seven cuts, including collaborations with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Missy Elliott, as well as several remixes and an unreleased track, 'Your honesty'.
In June 2004 the controversial pop star changed its name to the of Esther - origin Hebrew-, thus assuming a new public image of modesty, more in line with the of a "young Jewish" than fată the of"materialist". Educated in a Catholic environment, said in an interview with the programme ' 20/20 ' of the string ABC News, that his identification with the biblical Queen is due in part to his study of Jewish mysticism known as Kabbalah.
In March 2012 released their album entitled "MDNA" which seems to play with words, halfway between your name, Madonna, and the name in English of the drug MDMA (Ecstasy). The album,Rebel Heart, was presented on March 10, 2015, and from August to December of the same year is dedicated to its promotion.
In April 2012, the singer launches perfume Thruth or Dare"which designed in memory of the smell of his mother and that ends one of its oldest projects.

Biography of Anton Chekhov

(1860-01-29 - 1904/07/15)

Anton Chekhov
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
Russian writer

He was born on January 29, 1860 in Taganrog, Ukraine. Son of a shopkeeper and the grandson of slaves.
He studied medicine at the University of Moscow. He published short stories and humorous scenes in student magazines. Finished the race almost did not exercise due to his success as a writer and had TB, at that time an incurable disease.
At first he wrote under the pseudonym of Antocha Chejonte getting started with stories, anecdotes and comical sketches. His first collection of humorous writings, Accounts of Motley, was published in 1886, and his first play, Ivanov, premiered in Moscow the following year. Sakhalin Island (1891-1893) he subsequently wrote. It became one of the most outstanding figures of Russian realism; creator of the modern story in which the effect depends more on the State of mood and symbolism than the argument. Some of his best short stories are in his book published posthumously vacationers and other stories (1910).
Almost at the end of the century he met producer Konstantín Stanislavski, theatre director of art, of Moscow, representing the work of Chekhov's the Seagull (1896) in 1898. This partnership allowed the representation of several of his dramas in an act with his most significant works such as The Uncle Vanya (1897), three sisters (1901) and the Cherry Orchard (1904). His biographers have been 588 short novels, or long stories.
In 1901 he married the actress Olga Knipper, who had acted in his works.
Antón Chéjov died in the German resort of Badweiler on July 15, 1904.