Biography of Rafael Pombo… William Shakespeare… Aesop… Vicente Guerrero…

Biography of Rafael Pombo

(1833/11/07 - 1912/05/05)

Rafael Pombo
Colombian poet

He was born on November 7, 1833 in Bogotá.
Trained as a mathematician he gained his doctorate in England. After the civil war of 1854, he travelled to Washington where provided services to Government Colombian as Secretary of the Legation and Chargé d'affaires.
Pombo met in United States the texts of the great Romantics like Keats, Shelley and Poe. Its popularity is due to the anthologies of poems for children, and their texts for children, contained in his book painted stories and tales for children formal (1854). His texts were assembled of posthumously in poems (1916-1917) and poetic translations (1917).
Rafael Pombo died in his hometown on May 5, 1912.

Biography of William Shakespeare

(1564-04-23 - 1616-04-23)

William Shakespeare
English playwright and poet

"Heaven never helps a man who does not want to work"
Shakespeare
It is believed that he was born on April 23, 1564, the Julian calendar in Stratfordon Avon.
With respect to the birth of the writer, only preserves a document of baptism of the Church of Stratford-upon-Avon (Central England) who testified that on April 26, 1564 was recorded a Guilielmus Johannes Shakespeare. On April 23, the date which is usually set their birth and which also coincides with his death at age 52 in 1616, is a Convention which has been adopted, assuming that their parents baptized three days after birth. However, as he was born under the old Julian calendar, which was 23 April during his lifetime, in fact would be according to the current Gregorian calendar on May 3
It was the third of eight siblings, the first son John male, merchant, and Mary Arden, the daughter of a Catholic landowner in turn. John came to Stratford before 1532 as Apprentice and leather Tanner. It flourished and began to negotiate with agricultural products and wool; it traded with gloves, leather, wood and wheat. Mary Arden, daughter of a Catholic landowner in turn. One of the relatives of Shakespeare's mother, William Arden, was arrested for plotting against the Queen Isabel I, being imprisoned in the Tower of London and executed.
He studied at the school of his town, and how firstborn male, was destined to succeed his father in the business. It would have completed during a six-year Grammar school or primary school, whose basic material was latin, although it had to get to work as an apprentice butcher by the difficult economic situation that his father was going through. Despite being one of the greatest figures of world literature, he never attended the University.
In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway, daughter of a farmer, with whom he had a daughter, Susanna, in 1583, and two twins - a boy, Hamnet, Judith - died in 1596 at 11 years of age, and a girl in 1585. He was 18 years old and she 26 and, at the time of the link, was three months pregnant. Their first daughter Susanna was born six months after the wedding. Her only granddaughter Elizabeth - daughter of Susana - died without children in 1670. Shakespeare, therefore, has no descendants. Apparently, there was leave Stratford since they surprised by hunting furtively in the properties of the Justice of the peace of the city. It is believed that he came to London to 1588, and four years later, it had already achieved a remarkable success as a playwright and stage actor. The majority of scholars agree that William wrote his first piece of theatre, Enrique VI, first part around 1589-1590, when he was about 25 years old.
Between 1590 and 1613, he wrote at least 37 plays and collaborated on several more. Many of these works were successful both in court and in public theaters. William Shakespeare used his surname with more than 80 different forms, ranging from "Shappere" to "Shaxberd." In the few firms that have survived him, he never wrote his own name "William Shakespeare", and using variations or abbreviations such as "Willm Shakp", "Willm Shakespeare". In addition to writing her numerous plays and sonnets, also was an actor in many of his own works, as well as of other dramatists.
It had the patronage of Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of Southampton. The publication of two erotic poems Venus and Adonis (1593) and the rape of Lucretia (1594), and his sonnets (published in 1609) gave him the reputation of a brilliant poet. In London he shared the benefits of the theatrical company in which it acted, the Chamberlain's Men, later named King completo Men, and two theaters that is possessed, The Globe and Blackfriars.
His works were represented in the Court of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I. His first theatrical works, they possessed a high degree of formality and were predictable and amaneradas. Henry VI, first, second and third part (to 1590-1592) and Richard III (to 1593), try the consequences that the country had the lack of strong leadership. The cycle closes with the death of Ricardo III and the ascent to the throne of Henry VII, founder of the Tudordynasty, to which he belonged Queen Elizabeth. They contain references to the medieval theatre and the works of the first Elizabethan dramatists, notably Christopher Marlowe, through which he met the works of Latin classical dramatist Seneca. The influence manifests itself in numerous bloody scenes and its colourful and redundant language especially perceptible in Titus Andronicus (1594), a tragedy full of revenge.
In this first period he wrote numerous comedies, among which noteworthy mistakes comedy (about 1592), a farce about identity errors caused by two pairs of twins and the misunderstandings that occur regarding love and war. The character of farce is no longer so obvious in the taming of the brave (to 1593), a comedy of characters. On the other hand, the two gentlemen of Verona (about 1594) is the main attraction in the use of idyllic love, while works of love lost (to 1594) satirizes the loves of its male characters.
He wrote some of his most important works related to English history and the so-called bright comedies, as well as two of his best tragedies. The first note (about 1595) Richard II , Henry IV, first and second side (1597) and Henry V (to 1598), covering a period of time immediately prior to its Enrique VI.
Among the comedies of this period is a Midsummer night's dream (to 1595), a work replete with fantasy in which intermingle several plot threads. In the merchant of Venice (about 1596), you can find another subtle evocation of exotic atmospheres, similar to the earlier work. Comedy much ADO and ADO (1599) deformed, in the view of many critics, in the somewhat insensitive treatment, the female characters. However, the comedies of maturity as you please (to 1600) and Night of Epiphany (about 1600) are characterized by its lyricism, its ambiguity and the attractiveness of their beautiful heroines. As you please, describe the contrast between the refined habits of the Elizabethan Court and those in the rural areas of the country and built a complex plot based on the relationship between reality and fiction. Other comedies of this second period, the cheerful married Windsor (to 1599), is a farce about the life of the middle class.
Two tragedies, very different from each other by their nature, mark the beginning and the end of this second period. On the one hand, Romeo and Juliet (1595) puts in scene the tragic fate of two lovers, forged by the enmity of their families. On the other hand, Julius Caesar (to 1599) is a tragedy about political rivalry. Hamlet (towards 1601), his most universal work, goes beyond the other centered on revenge tragedies, as it portrays the mixture of glory and squalor that characterizes human nature. Othello, the moor of Venice (towards 1604) exposes the arise and expanding from unwarranted jealousy in the heart of the protagonist, a Moor who is the general of the Venetian army.
King Lear (to 1605), conceived in a more epic tone, describe the consequences of irresponsibility and errors of judgement of Lear, Dominator of ancient Britain, and of his advisor, the Duke of Gloucester. Antony and Cleopatra (to 1606), focuses on another kind of love, the passion of the Roman general Mark Antony by Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, glorified by some of the most sensual verses of all production Shakespeare. Macbeth (to 1606), describes the process of a good man who succumbs to greed and comes up to the murder. Troilus and Cressida (to 1602), the Roman highlights the gap between the ideal and the real, and in Coriolanus (to 1608), Gaius Marcius Coriolanus is unable to seduce the masses. Timon of Athens (to 1608), it tells the story of a character reduced to Misanthropy. To fruition, there are no bad principle (to 1602) and measure for measure (towards 1604) question the moral officer. Romantic tragicomedy Pericles, Prince of tyre (1608), shows a character killed by the loss of his wife and her daughter Chase. In Cymbeline (to 1610) and the winter's tale (to 1610), the characters bear also great sufferings but at the end they get happiness. The Tempest (to 1611), another tragicomedy exposes the effects of the Alliance between the wisdom and power.
(Towards 1613) historical drama Henry VIII and the two noble Knights (to 1613 and posted in the 1634), attributed to Shakespeare, seem to be more like his collaboration with John Fletcher.
In 1610 he returned to his hometown. He had fulfilled one of its many purposes, make a fortune. Legal metaphors (When to the Sessions of sweet silent thought / I summon up remembrance of things past.) are curiously abundant in his work; until the date of his death, Shakespeare was devoted to litigation with neighbors.
During his lifetime, he wrote 37 works and 154 sonnets, which means an average of 1.5 works a year since he began writing in 1589. Did not occur to you deliver to the printing press his vast work dispersed; Thomas De Quincey conjectured that for Shakespeare, the theatrical performance was the real advertising, not the printing of a text. His lofty and his footprint in the history of universal literature contrast radically with the scarcity of documents attesting to his personal voyage. Being the most important writer of all time, only retain 14 words in his own handwriting: six firms and the statement «for me» at the end of his will. Shortly before his death had made his testament; It refers to furniture and property, but does not mention a single book.
On May 3, 1616, according to the Julian calendar on April 23, 1616 he died in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, United Kingdom, according to the Gregorian calendar. By that time died Cervantes in Madrid; certainly neither of them heard of the other.

Biography of Aesop

(Unknown - Unknown)

Aesop
Greek fabulist

Originally from Asia minor, various authors placed in different places his birth: Ponto Heraclius places it in Thrace; Callimachus says that it was of Sardis; Phaedrus says that he was born in the region of Phrygia; is believed to have lived around the VII and VI BC centuries
It is said that, as a slave, his life spent in the service of a philosopher named Xanto, who would have bought it in a market to appreciate its acute ingenuity competing with other two slaves.
There was hunchbacked, tongue-tied and extreme ugliness and that he was accused of having stolen a chalice of gold of the Temple of Delphi. In punishment, he was thrown into an abyss by the inhabitants of Delphi.
He was associated with animal Fables, transmitted by oral tradition. Their stories are characterized by being short stories and always have a moralistic conclusion or "moral". In these, Aesop "humanizes" the talks of the animals and plasma all the vices and virtues of men, with a huge satirical talent. Many of his fables were rewritten in verse by the Greek poet Babrius, it is believed that in the centuries I and II century B.c., and in latin by the Roman poet Phaedrus in the 1st century AD considered the "father of all the fabulous", forerunner of a genre that would have then exponents, as Jean La Fontaine, in France, in the 17TH century , and Félix María Samaniego and Iriarte, in Spain, in the 18th century.
Died 564 a. concerning Delphi, Greece.

Biography of Vicente Guerrero

(09/08/1782 - 1831/02/14)

Vicente Guerrero
Military and Mexican politician, President (1829)

He was born on August 9, 1782 in Tixtla (today State of Guerrero).
Son of Pedro Guerrero and María Guadalupe Saldaña. Peasant family, mestizo, with little instruction, was dedicated to agricultural activities and the Mule driving.
He began his military career under the orders of Hermenegildo Galeana in 1810. He took part in the independence struggle in the ranks of José María Morelos. Later he supported the Congress of Chilpancingo until its dissolution and took refuge in the mountains, becoming the head of the insurrection in the South.
In the year 1820 confronts Agustín de Iturbide, who invited him to join in the struggle for liberation. He accepted the Plan of Iguala (1821) and went on to fight at the orders of Iturbide. Achieved independence, it revolted in 1822 against Iturbide proclaimed constitutional Emperor. He was part of the provisional Committee and served as President (1829) thanks to the lifting of the liberal. He opposed the attempted reconquest of Barradas on behalf of Spain, Poinsett buy Texasoffering rejected, and defended federalism.
He was overthrown by general Anastasio Bustamante in 1829. Restart the fight from the South and was taken prisoner in Acapulco. Underwent it trial and Vicente Guerrero was executed on February 14, 1831, at Cuilapan, (today the Cuilapan de Guerrero).