Biography of Robert Koch… Charles Baudelaire… Sören Kierkegaard biography - Søren Kierkegaard...

Biography of Robert Koch

(1843/12/11 - 27/05/1910)

Robert Koch
German scientist

He was born on December 11, 1843 in Klausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany).
He joined in 1862 at the University of Göttingen, where he studied Botany, physics and mathematics. He stayed some time in the General Hospital of Hamburg and an institution for mentally handicapped children, then began to practice private medicine.
In 1870 showed that infectious anthrax just unfolded on the mice when the material injected into his bloodstream contained canes or viable spores of the Bacillus anthracis. He isolated the Bacillus, revealing what was the causative agent of infectious disease. He showed how it should work the researcher with such micro-organisms, how to get them from infected animals, how to grow them artificially and how to destroy them.
In 1880 he was Adviser of the Government on the Imperial Department of health in Berlin. A year later showed his studies on tuberculosis and in 1882 announced that it had isolated the Bacillus responsible for this disease. It then focuses on the cholera, which was devastating India, where left and where identified causing disease Bacillus discovered that it was transmitted mostly through the water.
He was director of the Institute of infectious diseases in Berlin in 1891 where he remained until 1904. They awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine in 1905.
Robert Koch died on 27 May 1910 in the German spa resort of Baden-Baden.

Biography of Vicente Huidobro Fernández

(1893/01/10 - 02/01/1948)

Vicente Huidobro Fernández
Chilean writer

He was born on January 10, 1893 in Santiago de Chile.
Son of the writer María Luisa Fernández Bascuñán. Raised in an aristocratic family, his existence was fraught with all kinds of artistic, political and emotional events in the most varied species.
He studied in his hometown. He wrote his first poems at the age of twelve and was soon published a manifesto in which rejected all previous to the poetry. Married three times, suffered even several attacks by its activities left-wing, in addition to being threatened with death by the father of Ximena Amunátegui, a beautiful teenager that fell so madly that he kidnapped her out of school. It was as well as she ran to Paris in 1928 which would be his second wife, leaving behind one of the biggest scandals in the history of the Chilean at the beginning of the 20th century society.
During his residence in Paris take contact with the literature of the poets surrealist Guillaume Apollinaire and Pierre Reverdy, that founded the magazine Nord-Sud. Moved away shortly after the surrealism to not accept the view that the artist is a mere developer instrument of his unconscious. In the same way it rejected Futurism. In response to all these movements, his defiant attitude led him to give birth the movement which won him the posterity: creationism, which itself was gradually defining in writings such as the famous manifesto "Non serviam". In it, Huidobro bluntly attacked the work of the vates: "what has come out of us that were not around before our eyes? (_) We've sung to nature, (but) we never created own realities, they do (_). Non serviam. I will not be your slave, mother nature; I will be your master".
This concept formed the axis of his poetic, sown work of stunning images and dramatic juxtapositions of letters and words of random character sequences. Some of his poems recall the calligrams of Apollinaire. His great skill of Communicator contributed to spread enthusiasm for experimentation in Interwar Europe. His continuous travels around the world allowed him to also lock friendship with the heterogeneous roster of writers and artists of the European avant-garde and stars of the golden age of Hollywood, as the diva Gloria Swanson and actor Douglas Fairbanks. During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), was an active and energetic lecturer political haranguing with a speaker from an armored car to the rebel soldiers on the fronts of Madrid and Aragon, urging them to you to pass the troops loyal to the Republic. He also participated in the Second World War and transmitted from Paris hisVoice of America". In this conflagration was wounded twice and was proud to save, as spoils of war, the home phone of Adolf Hitler.
In addition to poems, its production was completed with novels (satyr or the power of words, 1939), manifestoes, essays (headwinds, 1926) and plays (Gilles de root, in French, 1932).
When the writer was about to perish in its Treasury of Llolleo, he mutters some words on the deathbed. Surrounded by some friends as I fight Vargas and the Chilean painter Henriette Petit, Huidobro stared to the latter and told him: 'Poto face.' (butt-face). At the time, died the author of "Arctic poems", "Altazor", "Cagliostro" and "Mío Cid Campeador", because of a stroke. It was on 2 January 1948, eight days before the age of 55 years.
He wrote his own epitaph: "open this tomb: the background looks the sea". It is buried in Cartagena (Chile), facing the sea.

Biography of Charles Baudelaire

(1821/04/09 - 1867/08/31)

Charles Baudelaire
French poet

He was born on April 9, 1821 in the street Hautefeuille in Paris.
His father died when he was only six years old and his mother remarried with Colonel Aupick, a man that Baudelaire hated.
He studied in the Collège Louis-le-Grand from which it was expelled. It seems that at that time he contracted syphilis, whose aftermath would creep up to the end of his days. The constant scandals of the poet, who already begins to write his first verses, made his stepfather to send it to the India in 1841: it would only come to Mauritius and returned to Paris in 1842. He returned with two poems, later included in "Flowers of evil": "a Creole Lady" and "the journey".
He began writing criticism in the national press to make a living. His first important publications were two booklets of art criticism, classrooms (1845-1846), which analysed the paintings and drawings by French contemporary artists. His first success was in 1848, when it appeared their translations of the American author Edgar Allan Poe. He continued translating the stories of Poe until 1857.
In 1842 he inherited the fortune of his biological father, allowing him to enjoy a life of luxury. The large sums of money that are spent in your apartment of the Hôtel Lauzun and his decadent lifestyle gave him fame of eccentric, and immoral and borrowed it for the rest of his life.
His works include small poems in prose, his private diaries rockets, and my heart laid bare. All of them published after the author's death. The most outstanding work of the poet who revolutionized the bases and the results of modern French poetry was a collection of poems entitled the flowers of evil, appears in 1857 and immediately after its publication, he was accused by the French Government of violating public morals. He was fined and six of the poems contained in this book were eliminated in subsequent editions. Censorship is not lifted until 1949. His next work, the artificial paradises, title taken from a flower shop, is based on their own experiences and inspired Thomas De Quinceyin confessions of an English Opium Eater, British writer. The second part of "havens..." appears in 1860. Five years later, linking me and Verlaine begin to recognize him as one of his teachers. From 1864 and until 1866, he resides in Belgium. Baudelaire suffered a paralysis accompanied by a strong aphasia. His mother does to bring him back to Paris.
The Patriarch of the cursed poets died in the same city that saw him born on August 31, 1867, after a long and painful agony and loss of speech.

Sören Kierkegaard biography - Søren Kierkegaard

(1813/05/05 - 1855/11/11)

Søren Kierkegaard
Danish theologian and philosopher

He was born on May 5, 1813 in Copenhagen (Denmark). Son of a wealthy merchant and strict Lutheran.
He studied theology and philosophy at the University of Copenhagen. At the University abandons the Lutheran Protestantism to indulge in an extravagant social life. When his father died in 1838, he resumes his theological studies. Two years later promised with Regine Olson, although his inability to accept the link made to them to break. After writing her vibrant love letters, Søren pledged to marry her. But a few weeks before the marriage broke the relationship. Kierkegaard continued to love until the end of his days to Regine, who never forgave him the snub. The event was very significant for him and alluded to it again and again in his books. The heritage received from his father allowed him to devote himself entirely to philosophic thought.
His work is unsystematic and gathers essays, aphorisms, parables, fictitious letters, daily and other literary forms. At the beginning it was published almost all of his essays under pseudonyms. He made an Existentialist philosophy, since he considered it as the expression of the individual life examined intensely and not the construction of a monolithic system in the manner of the German philosopher of the nineteenth century Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, whose work criticized in notes not conclusive scientific (1846).
Kierkegaard pointed out that man has to choose between aesthetic folly Stadium, where he enjoys the pleasures of existence, and the stadium of ethical clarity. He argued that the systematic philosophy not only imposes a false perspective of human existence, but also becomes a way of avoiding responsibility. He believed that individuals create their own nature through their choice, that should be done without the burden of universal and objective standards. In or the one or the other (1843), exposes two spheres or spheres of existence which could choose individual: aesthetics and ethics.
The aesthetic way of life is a refined hedonism , which consists of a search of the pleasure and the cultivation of the appearance and the formalities. The individual thus seeks variety and novelty in an effort to prevent boredom but finally has to deal with this and to despair. The path of ethical life involves an intense and passionate commitment to duty and social obligations.
In his recent work, as studies in the way of life (1845), perceived a loss of individual responsibility in this submission to the duty and proposes a third level, the religious, in which one submits to the will of God, but in doing so, find true freedom. In fear and trembling (1846) focuses on the commandment of God that Abraham has to sacrifice the life of his son Isaac. This gives sample of their faith to submit to God's command, even though you may not understand it.
In the last years of his life, some had another altercation with the Danish Lutheran Church. His last work, as the deadly disease (1849), reflect an increasingly pessimistic idea of Christianity that emphasizes the suffering as the essence of the true faith.
Kierkegaard died in Copenhagen on November 11, 1855.